Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Adaptation of plants to non-sterile conditions is the last stage of reproduction in vitro and should be gradual in order to avoid the ruin of plants due to a sudden change in relative humidity, light and temperature. Rooting ex vitro allows to simplify this stage and simultaneously to obtain the plants adapted to natural conditions. The purpose of these study is to determine the optimal conditions for rhizogenesis and adaptation of blueberry micro shoots. Research was carried out in the Department of Biotechnology of the Republican Unitary Enterprise "Fruit Growing Institute" (Belarus). The material for the study was the regenerating plants of Northblue blueberry (V. angustifolium Ait. × V. corymbosum L.). As a result of carried out study, it was found that in vitro conditions the proportion of rooted regenerating plants of Northblue blueberry after four weeks of cultivation was 0-36.7 %, after eight week � the number of rooted regenerants increased to 63.3%. At the same time, a high frequency (100%) of callus formation was a negative phenomenon of blue berry rooting in vitro on media with IBA and IAA. On medium without auxin after 4 weeks, callus was absent, after 8 weeks � the frequency of callus formation was 36.7 %. After eight weeks of cultivation, the highest increasing of shoot's growth regenerating Northblue plants was on a nutrient medium with 0.3 mg / l IBA. The best length of the roots was obtained on nutrient medium with 1 mg / l IAA. Study have shown that the type of substrate affects growth (p

Annotation

The aim of this work was the development of new methodological approaches for the integrated assessment of thuya varieties. A new scale for the estimation of adaptive and decorative features is presented on the example of introduced varieties of the Thuja L. genus. The results of a complex assessment of two species representatives are presented: Thuja occidentalis L. � Brabant, Degroots Spire, Malonyana, Mini Smaragd, Brobeck's Tower, Litomysl, Smaragd Variegata; Thuja plicata L. � varieties of Zebrina, Atrovirens, Can-Can, Dura. The assessment made it possible to develop an evaluation scale, that includes the signs of adaptability � winter hardiness, drought resistance, disease resistance, wind resistance, as well as decorative features � crown architecture, crown coloring in summer and winter, needle aroma, maximum decorative period. Each sign was assessed on a 5-point scale, where 1 point is the minimum value, 5 points is the maximum value of the characteristic. When calculating the total mark, each mark obtained for a particular sign was indexed by means of a transfer coefficient of significance (P), the value of which was determined by the duration of each characteristic action. Taking into account the new methodological approaches, in the Southern Region an evaluation scale of the characteristics of introduced thuya varieties is suggested � resistance to abiotic and biotic factors of the environment and decorativity, which can be used to estimate the other coniferous plants. The results obtained made it possible to select the groups of thuya varieties: highly decorative (80-95 points) � Degroots Spire, Mini Smaragd, Atrovirens, Dura; decorative (65-79 points) � Brabant, Can-Can, Smaragd Variegata, Brobeck's Tower, Malonyana. The selected thuya varieties are recommended for landscape gardening in the Krasnodar Territory.

Annotation

The method of formation and mainte-nance of bushes in the nursery plays a primary role in the measures to increase the efficiency of rootstock cultivation. The formation of bushes is an important agrotechnical mode, regulated the growth and development of plants and the quality of planting material. The best way of bushes formation, is the way when the greatest yield of qualitative cuttings is ensured from an unit of area at the lowest cost. The following main principles determine the theoretical basis for choosing the forms of grape bushes in the nursery of vine rootstocks: they are the construction of bushes and the biology of the varieties used should be maximally adapted to local conditions of growth, to desrease in the negative influence of abiotic stressors, to respond to varietal characteristics, and to be convenient for manual and mechanized work. The purpose of this work is the theoretical substantiation of the development of effective methods of plantations growing grape nursery that provide an increase in the yield and quality of standard cuttings under conditions of the grafted crop cultivation. This study consisted of a review of Russian and foreign literature, articles, reports and electronic sources (magazines, books and websites) on this subject, related to the formation of wine rootstock nurse-ry plantation. Despite the existence of a wide variety of forms and ways of vine bushes keeping, there are a number of deficiencies that adversely affect the quality and yield of cuttings from an unit area, and making it more difficult to control the diseases and vermins. Therefore, at present, the creation and development of new resource-saving ways of vine rootstock nursery maintaining for the production of high-quality cuttings is one of the urgent tasks in the field of grape nursery keeping.

Annotation

In the conservation and improvement of soil fertility, ensuring the productivity and stability of agrolandscapes, the ecosystems of perennial grasses are of particular importance. Impact on the soil of sideration, increase in organic mass in the soil and application of fertilizers improve it, form plantations resistant to diseases and vermins. Perennial grasses of agrolandscapes are traditionally used as one of the most effective factors of soil formation, improvement and protection of soils. Such system significantly reduces the cost of soil maintaining and the cost of finished products. An integrated approach to the maintenance of a grape bush from laying to harvesting can ensure not only the obtaining of high-quality products, but also the preservation of the productivity of perennial agrocenoses throughout their cultivation period. The object of our research is the grapes of the Cabernet Sauvignon and the Chardonnay of 2012 planting. The methods of research are laboratory-analytical and field stationary. Agrobiological registrations were carried out in 6 model bushes of grapes in each variant of the experiment. As a result of the research we carried out, it has been established that soil sowing through one vineyard spacing of Lolium perenne L. (40 %) and Trifolium repens (60 %) positively influence increasing in the yield capacity and improving the quality of the grape juice of the varieties studied. The best organoleptic characteristics of the wine samples of from the Cabernet Sauvignon grapes were obtained in the variant with soil turf soving through one row spac-ing, from the Chardonnay grapes the best wine samples were obtained in the variant with black soil.

Annotation

C. acutatum Simmonds is one of the most common species of the genus Colletotrichum and it causes the diseases commonly known as anthracnose on numerous plant hosts throughout the world. A complex of species of the genus Colletotrichum from the affected tissues of papaya, acute pepper and delphinium, originally described in Australia, is known now as particularly damaging in crops such as strawberry, citrus, apple, olive, cranberry and blueberry. The aim of the study was to evaluate the cultural and morphological features of the C. acutatum fungus, isolated in a pure culture from the affected strawberry berries, selected in the collection of the Maikop Experimental Station VIR. During the research the optimal Nutrient medium for the cultivation of the C. acutatum in a pure culture was selected. The characteristics of fungi development in various nutrient media under the same cultivation conditions is given. It was noted that the composition of the nutrient medium influences the rate of germination and the size of conidia, the development of the mycelium, and the formation of the stroma. The morphological properties of the colonies of the strawberry pathogen isolated from plants have been verified. On the mediums � Chapek's agar, potato agar, host plant � the beginning of conidiogenesis was observed on the second day. On potato-sucrose agar, conidias began to form on the fourth day, on hungry agar � only on the seventh day. The mass formation of conidias on the second day was observed on Chapek`s agar and potato agar. The spore size on potato-glucose agar is 2-3x4-8 microns, on Chapek's agar � 2-4x8-10 microns, on other medias, the spore size is much smaller � 1-2x3-4 microns, 1-3x3-5 microns. When comparing the morphological features of the fungi with the data of world literature, it was revealed that strains of fungi differ in size and shape of conidiophores, as well as in the size of conidia.