Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Breeding and production of planting material
The propagation technology for pear varieties and forms by herbaceous cuttings under circumstances of fog forming installations was successfully developed with the use of such growth Regulators as β-indolyl-3-acetic acid, β-indolyl-3-butyric acid, α-naphthylacetic acid. According to the results of the analysis of the degree of rooting of herbaceous cuttings of varieties Pamati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennyaya Yakovleva and rootock forms K-1; K-2; 4-26; 4-39, the varieties Pamati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennyaya Yakovleva and rootock form 4-39 were considered, which are able to take root with use of growth stimulator IBA (55.0 to 65.0 %) and also having the highest accretions (12.0 to 13.5 cm), the largest diameter of conditional root neck of 1.5 mm, the largest root number and their length (6.0 to 7.0 cm) and (from 9.0 to 9.5 cm). After IAA treatment, the best height of plants (11.0 to 11.5 cm), diameter of conditional root neck of 1.0, root number 6.0 pcs., root length (8.0 to 8.5 cm) were found in varieties Pamyti Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennyaya Yakovleva. NAA promoted the best results in accretions height (10.0 to 10.8 cm), diameter of conditional root neck of 1.0 mm, root number (5.0 to 6.0 pcs), root length (7.0 to 7.5 cm) for varieties Pamyati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennayay Yakovleva. As a result of the conducted researches, it was found that the best results in rooting of herbaceous cuttings of pear after application of IBA occurred to be in the varieties Avgustovsckaya rosa, Osennya Yakovleva, Pamyati Yakovleva (control) and form 4-39. After IBA application varieties Pamyati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovsckaya rosa, Osennya Yakovleva and form 4-39 showed the best plant height, diameter of conditional root neck, and root number and length. After IAA and NAA treatment the best results of quality of the rootstocks that have been rooted were in the varieties Pamyati Yakovleva (control), Avgustovskaya rosa, Osennaya Yakovleva.
The paper presents the results of a vegetation experiment to study the effect of VL 77 on the regenerative capacity of two-buds cuttings of Moldova variety. The cuttings were soaked for 24 hours in working solutions of the studied preparation at concentrations of 0.005; 0.01; 0.05; 0.1 and 0.5 %. The cuttings of the control variant were soaked in water for the same time, and the cuttings of the standard variant were soaked in a 0.01 % IAA solution. The cuttings were germinated in plastic containers filled with water. The use of VL 77 had a positive effect on growth processes, increasing the length of the shoots by 1.8-5.0 cm or 43.9-122.0 %. A clear pattern of a decrease in the average length of shoots with an increase in the concentration of the drug from 0.005 to 0.5% was revealed. The highest intensity of opening of eyes, and the degree of their opening, as well as the highest total growth, were characteristic of cuttings in the variant with a concentration of the studied drug of 0.005%. Treatment of cuttings with VL 77 led to a significant improvement in virtually all the main indicators of their root-forming ability: rooting rate, length of the pre-root period, yield of cuttings with three roots or more, the number of roots, their total length. The greatest effect was obtained with the use of 0.005 % concentration of VL 77. In this variant, rooting increased by 18.5%, the proportion of cuttings with three roots or more by 32.5 %, the average number of roots of the cuttings by 39.6%, root length 4.1 times. The length of the pre-root period decreased by 4.5 days. Thus, the tested drug VL 77 can be attributed to effective stimulators of the regenerative capacity of grapevine cuttings.
The purpose of the research was to develop optimal algorithms for obtaining resonance frequency preparations of heteroauxin to intensify the production of own-rooted grape seedlings. The previously revealed regularities of processing the intermediate carrier by an electromagnetic field in the spectrum of resonant frequencies of biologically active substances during direct removal are confirmed. To clarify the degree of efficiency of the operating modes of the process hardware in relation to the tasks being solved, certified devices have been tested both in independent and in coupled versions of operation. An assessment of the applicability of individual operating modes of the equipment used in obtaining resonance frequency preparations is given. Optimal algorithms for their creation based on the properties of native heteroauxin are revealed. The high efficiency of the coupled use of the IMEDIS-BRT-A devices in the transfer and MINI-EXPERT-DT modes of the 1997-2009 model with the output of the operating frequency spectrum through the emitter connected to it is shown. A number of positive results were obtained during the independent application of the IMEDIS-BRT-A device in the transfer mode with additional modulation of the electromagnetic field of the emitted spectrum according to the golden section principle. The high efficiency of the use of available technical means for the treatment of the intermediate component with an electromagnetic field in the frequency spectrum of the preparation heteroauxin for rooting grape cuttings has been established. A working hypothesis of the obtained results is proposed, which consists in the fact that the treatment of biological objects with resonance frequency preparations made from a native matrix preparation can purposefully stimulate the synthesis of those substances whose spectral analogues they are. At the same time, there is a synergistic effect of the interaction of the frequency analogue with the native starting substance, since in the experiment variant, where the matrix was absent under the same operating modes of the equipment as when working with the matrix-preparation, the effectiveness of the experiment was consistently lower. The expressed hypotheses, in our opinion, have a basis and require further study of the effects obtained in order to consolidate the results obtained and transfer recommendations to production.
The development of methods for determining the adaptive ability of plants to adverse abiotic and biotic factors is an important direction in many fields of science (ecological genetics, epiginetics, genetics of quantitative traits, biochemical genetics, ecological genetics, plant immunity, physiology, phytopathology, etc.). The study of plant microbiota allows a comprehensive assessment of their adaptability, similar to studies conducted on animals. The characteristics of the plant itself, the stage of its development, the reaction of the host and endophyte to external conditions affect the composition and structure of the endophytic community. These complex interactions play a role in the manifestation of the plant's phenotypic traits, including its ability to adapt to ad-verse abiotic and biotic factors. Combined breeding and biocontrol strategies are necessary to maintain the balance of ecosystems. Testing of rootstock forms of small-stone cultures showed the presence of endophytic microorganisms in the internal tissues of stem explants. Among the isolated bacteria, representatives of the genera Pseudomonas and Bacillus dominated. Fungi were represented by necrotrophs (Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium). Endophytic bacteria showed antagonism to isolated pathogenic fungi. It was revealed that in genotypes with a high level of adaptation to abiotic and biotic adverse factors, fungal pathogens are isolated from internal tissues in less than 15 % of all tests. Bacteria predominate and are detected in more than half of the tests. Therefore, it is important to determine the nature of the effect of endophytic bacteria on plant tissues by the degree of their necrotization in the presence of the studied microorganisms. According to the indicators of bacterial and fungal microbiota development, as well as the degree of necrotization of plant tissues under the influence of endophytic bacteria, the most promising genotypes were identified among the studied rootstock forms of small-stemmed cultures: VSL-2, 3-93, 5-40, 3-21, 3-110, 11-17, 5-44, 10-13 (2009 - 2010); Gisella D, Gisella 5, 3-76 (2021).
The purpose of the article was to study the effect of inverse transfer preparations of the resonant frequency range of heteroauxin for obtaining own-rooted grape seedlings. An analytical review of methods for carrying out the transfer of resonant frequencies with parametric characteristics of biological processes is carried out. The potential of using an electromagnetic field with fixed spectral characteristics of the frequencies of chemical and biological preparations for their processing of biological objects is revealed. The effect of inverse transfer preparations of the resonant frequency range of heteroauxin on the regenerative processes of the processed planting material during the production of own-rooted grape seedlings was found. As a result of the work carried out to establish possible options for removing the frequency spectrum of a native preparation with specialized technological equipment, its applicability for obtaining and using a modulated low-intensity electromagnetic field in the production of own-rooted grape seedlings is shown. The indicators of regenerative ability rooting and shoot formation for two-buds oneyear-old cuttings of the Citron Magaracha grape variety were studied. The resonant frequencies of the native heteroauxin, taken from the preparation in inversion, in the experiment performed the role of modulating for the carrier, the main spectrum of operating frequencies, which in our case were the so-called Schumann waves. The control was a sample of the carrier (water) processed by the carrier frequency spectrum used by the equipment. Positive results have been obtained from the use of an inverse preparation of the resonant frequency spectrum taken from the native heteroauxin as a medium stimulating the ability of plant tissues to regenerate. The increase in the rooting ability index in all variants of the experiment proved to be the main one, while the positive dynamics of the change in the indicator of shoot-formation of grape cuttings revealed itself to a small extent. The previously formulated working hypothesis about the manifestation of the similarity principle in the application of the obtained resonance-frequency preparations of heteroauxin has been confirmed. A high degree of efficiency of mass-produced specialized equipment in relation to the tasks being solved is determined. The key algorithms for the creation of transfer preparations of native chemical substances are proposed. Further confirmations of the previously identified laws of water treatment as a carrier of the resonance frequency spectrum of the initial preparation were received.