Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

In the breeding of grapes, the presence of muscat aroma in the berries is a valuable feature. The Muscat grapes varieties have different shades of aroma: an ordinary aroma, spicy, the smell of an orange flower, the shade of tea rose and others. The origin of grapes varieties with muscat flavor has not yet been established. The absence of muscat forms among wild grapevines and the dominance of this feature in hybrid progeny allow us to suggest that this sign is originated in the culture. Muscat aroma is characterized by the accumulation of monoterpenoids in the berries. Monoterpenoids are found in significant concentrations in the grapes of Muscat group and in moderate ones in some other aromatic varieties. A number of studies have shown that the accumulation of monoterpenoids in a grape berry is associated with the gene VvDXS. In the present paper, we investigate the fragment of the sequence of the gene VvDXS in the grapes varieties with muscatel flavor to study the possibility of creation of DNA marker for breeding. The main method used in the study are the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of reaction products by using an automated genetic analyzer ABI Prism 3130. Muscat varieties Novoukrainskiy Ranniy, Frumoasa Albe, Barkhatnyi, Astanikskiy, Irshai Oliver, Litdar, Muscat Gamburgskiy, Alina, Larni Muskatnaya and the variety without muskat aroma were studied. Polymorphism in the sequence of the studied fragment of the VvDXS gene in the studied genotypes have been identified, however, the correlation linked with the studied sign "muscat f lavor" is not revealed.

Annotation

The data of study of Kuban grapevines wild forms are presented to select the sources with resistance to various biotic and abiotic stress-factors. Wild forms of grapes can be both theoretical and practical value for breeding. The aim of the present work was to study the morpho-biological and genetic diversity of grape plants of the genus Vitis L., growing on the territory of the �Utrish� state nature reserved area on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory. The territory of the reserved area is interested for the study of wild forms of grapes as it was the place of ancient settlements. As a result of the expedition, wild grapes were found in the district �Vodopadnaya shchel� in the �Utrish� nature reserved area in the amount of 10 populations that are outwardly resistant to the effects of abiotic and biotic environmental stress-factors. A morphological and biological Study of grape plants was carried out and a characteristic of their ecological conditions was given. An ampelographic description of the forms by 10 characteristics is presented. In order to study the genetic diversity of the found forms, a DNA-marker analysis of wild grape plants was carried out. The study was performed using microsatellite markers linked to the Rpv3 and Rpv10 genes, which determine resistance to downy mildew. The presence of functional alleles of these genes in the analyzed samples helps to reveal the origin of genotypes, which is one of the objectives of the study. The indicated genes were not found in the found grape forms. In general, according to the results of microsatellite analysis, it can be noted, that some of the samples are polymorphic to each other, while others have a high degree of similarity. The work on the study of wild forms of grapes in this area is carried out for the first time

Annotation

Cultivation of popular classical wine grapes cultivars clones adapted to local growing conditions makes the possibility to obtain the traditionally high quality harvest at a lower cost of production. Approximately 60 % of the vineyards of the Krasnodar Territory are located in the Temryuk area, thus, the conducting of the mass clonal breeding on grapes cultivars in this agricultural region is of particular importance. The highly productive protoclones of cultivar Caberne Sauvignon were allocated in the industrial vineyards using the clonal breeding and DNA-analysis. In this paper we present the results of study of CHK1-10 clone. In average it significantly superior to the original variety control bushes at 73 % by yield, at 15 % on buds safety after overwintering, as well as other traits. The evaluation of vegetative progeny of clones on the clon-test sector also shows the good results. The bushes are aligned by vigor, they characterized by weak fungal diseases, the high yield capacity combined with good wine quality. Currently, along with the ampelographic and biochemical study, DNA analysis became the basis for a reliable identification and for study of grapes genetic polymorphism. Comparative microsatellite analysis of DNA of protoklon plants and typical vines of Cabernet Sauvignon reveals the difference in the sample 1-10. It is planned to transfer of this clone to State variety testing. The combined use of traditional breeding approaches and molecular analysis methods allows to expect the greater efficiency in the identification of grapes clones.

Annotation

Powdery mildew � a disease of the vine, the causative agent of which is the ascomycete Erysiphe necator. The pathogen causes the significant damage to industrial viticulture throughout the world. Growing of resistant grape varieties is the best way to reduce pesticide control of the disease and produce an environmentally friendly crop. Genotypes that are resistant to powdery mildew mainly belong to the North American and Asian grape species. Currently, the urgent task of the breeding and genetics of grapes is to search for donors of resistance and their involvement in the process of creating the new, highly resistant and high-quality varieties. To date, more than 10 major and minor loci of resistance to powdery mildew in the genome of grapes have been identified. Locus Ren3 was identified on chromosome 15 in the genotypes of the Regent and Villard Blanc grape varieties. DNA-markers suitable for gene detection were also found. We have tested two closely linked DNA markers (UDV116, GF15-28) on 11 genotypes of grapes of different origin. The DNA of Regent and Villard Blanc, in which the Ren3 gene was identified (positive controls), Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay varieties (negative controls), as well as 7 genotypes of grapes � potential gene carriers, were included in the work. The work was carried out by PCR with the separation of reaction products by capillary electrophoresis using an automatic ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer. Target PCR products corresponding to the literature data are defined in the Regent and Villard Blanc grape genotypes, as well as in the genotypes of Donus, Dunavski Gymza and Storgosia genotypes.

Annotation

The wealth of genetic tools makes it possible to analyze phylogeny and genetic polymorphism in the studied taxa. The genetic components include retrotransposons. The study of retrotransposons is relevant for the creation of genetic markers. At the moment, DNA markers, whose polymorphism is due to retrotransposon inserts, have gained distribution in genetic work. The aim of this work is to search and detect effective IRAP and ISSR markers for the genotyping of apple rootstocks. Based on the quality of the obtained DNA fingerprint, the selection of the most informative markers was carried out for each of the markers involved in the work. The primers of the selected IRAP and ISSR markers will be used in the future for genotyping of stocks. As a result of the work performed on the genotypes of apple tree stocks, 5 IRAP markers 4 gave DNA fragments during PCR. At the same time, 2 markers from the general sample were identified as promising for further work. The group of promising markers includes IRAPs with the largest number of amplified fragments and an easily interpreted type of DNA fingerprints. As a result of the work performed on the genotypes of apple tree stocks, 5 IRAP markers 4 gave DNA fragments during PCR. At the same time, 2 markers from the general sample were identified as promising for further work. The group of promising markers includes IRAPs with the largest number of amplified fragments and an easily interpreted type of DNA fingerprints. This group includes: Cass 1 and �ass 2. In case of testing of 8 ISSR, 3 markers were selected for further work. Further work will be aimed at assessing the genetic polymorphism of the selected markers with the subsequent expansion of the volume of the analyzed sample of samples.