Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Physiology and biochemistry of plants
A comparative study of adaptation processes to water stress of grape varieties of different origin was conducted. The basic protective function in the conditions of moisture deficiency of grape varieties performs the mechanism associated with the accumulation of the proline amino acid in the cells
The results of research of technical indicators and chemical composition of feihoa fruits grown in Abkhazia conditions is presented in the article. Valuable raw material by chemical indicators with high content of vitamins, su-gars, polyphenol compounds, minerals, pec-tin is allocated from the varieties and hybrid fund. The varieties with maximum keeping quality of fruit during storage are selected for amateur and industrial cultivation
The results of research of influence of oxidative ferments activity in the shoots of grapes on stability to low negative temperatures of genetically diverse varieties are presented. In the phase of hardening adaptation of plants to low temperatures as higher as larger the ratio of activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase.
The frost resistance of the varieties of grape of different ecological and geographical groups and periods of ripening in the natural and simulated conditions is studied. During the period 2006 2011 more later entry of the plants of grapes into the state of organic dormancy is established. On the basis of es-timation of the complex of physiological and biochemical indices it is established that the frost resistance of grapes of Euro-AmurAmerican (variety Krystall) and European origin (variety Barhatniy and Cabernets Sovinyon) is caused both by the high stability of the protoplasm of cells to the dehydration and cellular membranes to the destruction; varieties of Euro-American ori-gin Dostoyniy, Pervenets Magaracha, Caber-net AZOS - the stability of theprotoplasm of cells to the dehydration also of varieties Krasnostop AZOS and Ach Chakrak by the stability of cellular membranes to the destruction
The contents of protein, free amino acids and proline in the apple-trees shoots of various winter resistance are defined. In a winter period at low temperatures the contens of proteins and proline increase in winter steady varieties. Low contents of proline in the bark and its powerfull lowering after freesing is tipically for low steady apple-trees varieties.