Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Physiology and biochemistry of plants
The possibilities and new methodic decisions of determination of general nitrogen in the plant material by means of capillary electrophoresis and classic chemical analysis are considered. The operating systematic approaches providing control samples preparing are discussed.
The results of hardiness evaluation of new apples varieties of different ripening to early and late winter frost, after thaw, under Kuban conditions are analyzed.
The stability of grapes types of different origin to the complex of the abiotic stress factors of summer period of Anapo-Taman zone is studied. On the basis of determination of anatomical-morphological and physiological and biochemical indexes it is established that the hybrids of Euro-American origin possess the combined stability to the stress factors of summer periods.
The main objective of the conducted research the identification of the impact of fruit plantations construction on apple photosynthetic activity and productivity by using the physiological and biochemical, anatomical and morphological indices of foliages. With increasing of trees density in the garden the photosynthesis productivity decreases and the process of flower buds formation restrains. The features of the photosynthetic activity of Zarnitsa, Dean Art, Idared, Simirenkovets apple varieties on the SC3 stocks with various planting construction of intensive type is studied. The researches were conducted on the basis of fruit plantations of Institutes experimental farm with using of standard methods of research. Based on the study of the complex of physiological and biochemical parameters of plants and anatomical and morphological traits of the leaf the optimum construction of plantings of intensive type for studied apple-tree varieties are established. The construction of fruit plantations with planting scheme 4 x 1.2 with spindle forming of crown has a higher efficiency of the photosynthetic activity and productivity. Selecting of the optimal system forming in the orchard with dense placement of apple trees allows to increase the fruits yield of Simirenkovets variety on 46.8% and Dean Art variety on 67.3%.
The maintenance of colloid substances, pepetide, polysugar, fibers and other characteristic substances of biological objects usually complicates the analytical definition micro- and macroelements, phosphorus, nitrogen. It is established that there are obvious problems during of curse of long preparation of biological tests for the analysis at the expense of summation of errors at a stage of samples preparation. The operating methods for samples preparation of biological raw materials for analytical research are discussed. The new methodical decisions for preparation of plant samples for determination of alkaline kations, earth alkaline metals and some heavy metals are offered. The possibilities and the conditions of application of various modes of microwave processing for extraction of mobile and general forms of kations and anions are considered. The various conditions of carrying out of oxidizing preparation of staples of vegetative raw materials for the subsequent definition of the general phosphorus and nitrogen are approved. The ways of biological samples preparation for definition of volatile components by a method of a gas chromatography and mass spectrometry are shown. The optimal conditions for samples preparation for definition of components with high temperatures of boiling are revealed. The main attention is paid to increase of accuracy and objectivity of measurements at the expense of improvement of methods of preparation of sample of a biological origin and observance of conditions of ecological safety at carrying out of analytical works.