Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

Pear psylla Psylla pyri L. it is one of the main pests of pears worldwide. Decisions on the timing of preventive treatments and the choice of plant protection products used are made on the basis of regular monitoring of the stages of phytophagan development and taking into account the specifics of the action of insecticides on a particular stage of pest development. The article analyzes the range of insecticides allowed on pear against pear psylla, which is represented by preparations from 8 chemical classes. To reduce the resistance of pear psylla to the used pesticides, it is necessary to expand the range of broad-spectrum insecticides against this phytophagan. In this study, insecticides with larvicidal action, such as Voliam Flexi, SC, Lirum, SC, Lufox, EC, were tested in laboratory conditions. The characteristics of the used pesticides are given and the mechanisms of their action are described.Samples of annual pear growth were selected in the Prikuban zone of the Zakuban horticulture subzone of the Krasnodar region, Ust-Labinsk district. As a result of the study, it was found that the following pesticides have the best biological efficacy against nymphs (first-third age) of pear psylla: Voliam Flexi, SC with a consumption rate of 0.5 l/ha and Lirum, SC 1.5 l/ha. On the seventh day, they showed a maximum biological efficacy of 100 %, which was at the level of the standard preparation Movento Energy, SC. In this experiment, Lufox, SC had low efficacy, due to the fact that the drug has a longer mechanism of action, it takes 10-12 days for a good effect. We recommend using the data obtained in the case of registration of tested preparations for the control of pear psylla.

Annotation

The publication presents the results of studies to determine the population size of grape thrips Drepanothrips reuteri Uzel and the extent of distribution of on the Don under different meteorological conditions. The studies were carried out in 2021 and 2022 in the conditions of two agrocenoses of Novocherkassk and Nizhnekundryuchensky Branches of the experimental field of the All-Russian Research Ya. I. Potapenko Institute for Viticulture and Winemaking. The subject of the study was the dynamics of the prevalence and harmfulness of grape thrips on the technical grape varieties Tsvetochnyi and Cabernet severnyi, in an uncovered culture. In the context of the widespread distribution of sugescent pests of grapes, the issue of protecting production plantings and improved basic plantings of the mother plant from them is acute, using the method of monitoring studies to signal the population size using flower traps. Therefore, the study of the development features of grape thrips, both in the conditions of the mother plant of basic plants and fruit-bearing vineyards and their influence on the economically valuable traits of grapes, is relevant. Grape thrips is a relatively new species for grape plants in the Rostov region, migrating from abandoned areas with weeds adjacent to the vineyards in search of food. To contain the prevalence of the grape thrips population below the economically significant threshold of harmfulness in agrocenoses, it is necessary to conduct timely phytosanitary monitoring. Under the conditions of two agrocenoses in 2021 and 2022, two generations of grape thrips developed during the growing season: the first at the end of May, the second at the end of June. The intensity of damage to plants of two grape varieties by grape thrips was not significant and did not exceed the economically significant threshold of harmfulness, so it was decided not to carry out chemical treatments. The presence of a stable number of pest individuals suggests that the population may be capable of wider distribution.