Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The work purpose is studying of varietal diversity of pear of early and late ripening, grown up under the conditions of Kuban; the research of biochemical composition of fruits and allocation of sources of raised content of biologically active substances. In research there were 20 grades of a pear varieties of various ripening from different places of growth, to reveal the influence of cultivation conditions on commodity qualities of fruits. The best zoned varieties are taken as a control. The assessment of fruits quality according to the content of soluble solids, sugars, titrable acids, vitamins and P-active substances was carried out according to "Methodical instructions for definition of chemical substances for an assessment of a crop quality of vegetable and fruit cultures". The varietal differences of content of soluble solids, sugars (including glucose, fructose, sucrose), organic acids (citric, malic), vitamin C, polyphenols, pectin substances are established. The fractional composition of fruits of some pears varieties of early maturing showed that it consists generally of monosugars; the share of fructose are more than 60% that causes dietary properties of fruits. Acidity of pears doesnt exceed 0,40% (the Talgarskaya Krasavitsa). The malic, succinic and citric acids are found in their structure. Vitamin C accumulation varied on the average from 5,3 to 10,4 mg/100g. Pear varieties of Velesa, Skromnitsa, Bere Krasnokytskaya, Krasulya, Melitopolyskaya are allocated as a result. These varieties differ of high commodity qualities and high content of nutritious and biologically active substances.

Annotation

The purpose of work is allocation of the fruits of plum varieties most valuable on quality for their use in breeding work on creation of new form of varieties, possessing the high technological and flavoring qualities. The results of studying of biochemical composition of plum fruits of various varieties with use of well known methods of research are presented in the article. Influence of the content of sugars, acids, sugar-acid index, ascorbic acid and P-active agents on taste quality of plum fruits is shown. Depending on variety and also cultivation�s conditions the plum fruits contain 10-20% of sugars, 0,4-2,0% of acids, 10-20% of solids, 0,3-2,5 mg / 100g of pectin substances, 15-20 mg / 100g of vitamin C, to 80-100 mg / 100g of P-active agents, to 400 mg / 100g of anthocyanins. On the basis of complex of technical and biochemical evaluations of fruits quality, the most valuable nutritionally and technologically plum varieties were allocated: Chachakskaya improved, Chachakskaya late, Stanley, Milena, Krasnodarskaya, Valevka, Podruga, Krasotka, Gertsog. These forms of varieties have the large size of fruits, the high tasting estimates and they contain the high amount of sugars, acids, vitamins and they differ by optimum sugar-acid index. These varieties are recommended for expansion of existing industrial assortment of plum domestic in the Krasnodar Region and for use in the breeding work.

Annotation

Defining indicator of promising varieties of culture is marketability of fruits. The results of research of varietal features of sweet cherry allowed to form the quality indicators of fruits are presented in the article. Research is conducted in the experimental gardens EPF "Central" (Krasnodar). The research based on the standard techniques of determination of fruits quality, their weight, size, attractiveness. Sweet cherry varieties are divided on maturing terms and in the each group the varieties capable to realize fully the biological potential of marketability of fruits are allocated. As a result of breeding works at NCRRIH&V the large-fruited sweet cherry varieties of early middle and late maturing with weight of fruits of 8-10 g are created. These varieties are forming a basis for further strengthening of this sign. In the course of studying the sweet cherry varieties with the stablest indicator of large fruits are revealed. On the basis of a tasting assessment the sweet cherry varieties with high tastes and most attractiveness are allocated, which tasting assessment was 4,6-4,8 points,. Results of the work carried out at the institute in the recent years allowed to renovate substantially the sweet cherry assortment, filled up it with new high-quality varieties. The most of these varieties currently pass the State test and 9 varieties entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements.

Annotation

Many varieties of strawberry imported into Krasnodar region doesnt conform to the modern requirements to varieties, therefore the timely assessment of varieties on the major economic and valuable traits is necessary for their further production. It is the purpose of our work. 11 introduced varieties of strawberry on indicators of productivity and large-fruited were studied, the assessment of density of berries is carried out for 9 varieties. For carrying out of research the standard programs and techniques of Russia were used. The qualitative characteristic of berries including average weight, form, appearance, tastes quality was estimated. It is established that the average mass of strawberrys berries of the introduced varieties in the Krasnodar region doesnt reach to European standards (25 g). Florence, Molling Pandora and Irma varieties are the most large-fruited. The average mass of berries varied from 16,8 to 17,3 g. Alba and Florence varieties have the most berries dense of strawberry. High attractiveness of berries appearance is noted at Alba, Roxana and Florence varieties. Roxana, Florence. Onda and Irma varieties were the best by the results of general tasting assessment of berries. Florence is the only strawberrys variety which on all studied traits was included into group with the highest rates of indicators.

Annotation

The main purpose of work is optimization of methods of obtaining of long-term data on the dynamics of defeat degree of fruit plants by fungal diseases. The point of plants defeat is the result of complex interaction in the system "owner - activator - medium", transformed in accordance with area conditions and with conditions of year. As a material for research it was taken 140 sweet cherries varieties from plantings collection for study of stability to coccomicosis. For study of resistance to monilia 134 varieties samples were taken. The result of the dispersive analysis, which was carried out at the beginning of research, confirmed the complexity of allocation of forms with polygenic type of stability according to long-term data. Dispersion research in long-term test accurately showed that considerable influence on variability of defeat point of stone fruit cultures by coccomicosis and monilia have the conditions of year and "variety-year" interactions. We offered a statistical method which ensure the minimization of the effect of all factors, except genetic difference of varieties forms. Indicators of specific reactions of variety to environment change using the assessment of ecological plasticity of varieties were taken for this purpose. The approach offered by us consists the establishment of such criterion of breeding value of sample which includes the relatively low average point of diseases defeat, the indicators of its stability in the varying conditions of the environment and the characteristics of pathogen population. On the basis of the offered approach the best sweet cherry forms with high resistance to coccomicosis are allocated. The value of such approach is that with its help the extensive data on dynamics of resistance of agricultural plants to pathogens can be used.