Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

The article presents the results of three summer studies on the collection mother plot in the village of Uch-Dere. The characteristic of weather conditions by years for the research period is given. Thus, 2019 and 2021 were favorable years for the growth and development of the tea plant, compared to 2020. The total precipitation in 2019 was at the level of long-term data, and in 2021 this indicator was higher by 299 mm, which made it possible to compare the physiological response of tea plants to low levels of precipitation in 2020. The average monthly temperatures for 2019 and 2021 were within the normal range and are optimal for the tea bush in the humid subtropics of Russia. It has been established that 2020 has become a critical year in terms of the total precipitation during the tea leaf harvesting period and the temperature regime during this period. The conducted research made it possible to reveal the resistance of the studied varieties to abiotic factors of the growing environment; identify their susceptibility to drought and frost by the appearance of plants; determine points for each variety for drought resistance and winter hardiness; determine the degree of maturation of one-year growth during the growing season; establish the full number of tea leaf harvest per season, their seed productivity depending on the degree of pruning and weather conditions during the growth and development; select varieties that are donors for drought resistance and winter hardiness, in order to further involve them in the breeding process.

Annotation

The article presents agrobiological and uvological indicators of seedlings in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�, �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea. In terms of shoot productivity (SP) and average bunch weight, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (SP = 217-234 g/shoot, 143.4 g) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (SP = 178-190 g/shoot, 123.3 g) are distinguished. The resistance disjoining of hybrid seedling leaf apparatus to powdery mildew on a natural infectious background in the growing season of 2021-2022 was assessed. The largest proportion of resistant plants was identified in the population of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� � 54.5 %. The average resistance score for the population was 5.9. A significant number of seedlings susceptible to powdery mildew (1-3 points) were obtained in cross combinations with paternal varieties �Megrabuyr� (50 %) and �Nerkarat� (42.9 %). Seedlings with a very high degree of resistance (9 points) were not found in the studied populations. Populations characterized by a high breeding value were identified: �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Spartanets Magaracha� (54.5 %), �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� (28.6 %). According to the true heterosis indicator, the populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr� (33.3 %) and �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Nerkarat� were distinguished, providing the effect of true heterosis of 56.7 %. Agrobiological study and analysis of the material obtained in comparison with parental forms in hybrid populations of �Tsitronnyi Magaracha� variety made it possible to identify a promising form of wine direction �Magarach No. 32-96-28-10� (�Tsitronnyi Magaracha� x �Megrabuyr�).

Annotation

In the article the terms and duration of the phases of vegetation of new table grape varieties in the weather conditions of the moderate continental climate of the Krasnodar region were established. The objects of the study were Vitis L. grape varieties: Agat Dubovskiy, Akello, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Ispolin, Kishmish Dubovskiy, Pestryi, Timoti, Livia (control). Rootstock is SO4. According to the method of Lazarevsky M.A., the beginning of budbreak, flowering, veraison and technological maturity of grape berries were noted. The relationship of weather conditions with the duration of vegetation phases was determined by the correlation coefficient. According to the international classification, groups of varieties have been identified according to their maturation dates: very early � Livia, early � Akello, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi, medium-early � Gamlet, Timoti, medium � Kishmish Dubovskiy, medium-late � Ispolin and Agat Dubovskiy. The coefficients of paired correlation of weather conditions and the duration of vegetation periods, which are significant according to the Student's criterion, have been established. The most significant is the dependence of the duration of vegetation periods on the sum of air temperatures above + 10 ºC � the greater the sum of temperatures, the longer the phase, except for the duration of vegetation of very early and early varieties (r = -0.68 � the average inverse relationship). An increase in the amount of precipitation in the phase of the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and during the growing season also contributes to the lengthening of periods (r = 0.68 ... 0.99). In the budbreak - flowering phase, on the contrary, accelerates (r = -0.82 ... -0.84). The maximum air temperature has a different effect depending on the phase: with an increase in temperature in the beginningof veraison-technological maturity phase, its duration increases (r = 0.43... 0.60), the length of the budbreak-flowering phase and, in general, the growing season decreases with an increase in maximum temperature (r = 0.83 ... 0.87). An increase in the average air temperature (r = 0.46... 0.91) and the minimum (r = 0.67... 0.95) reduces the duration of the budbreak-flowering phases, the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and the growing season.

Annotation

The use of DNA markers, along with classical identification methods based on morphological assessment, makes it possible to more accurately determine the varietal affiliation of grape plants, as well as clarify the origin of genotypes. The purpose of this work is to perform genotyping of grape varieties bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing (DBESV&V) using microsatellite markers (SSR) used for varietal identification and clarify the origin of varieties using DNA analysis data. The objects of the study were six table grape varieties � Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muscat Derbenskiy. The DNA of the studied varieties was extracted by the CTAB method from herbarized plant material. Genotyping was carried out using a standard set of SSR markers: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79 by PCR followed by analysis of the results on an ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer, the obtained data were processed using the GeneMapper v 4.1 program and aligned with reference variety Pinot noir. Pedigrees of varieties were analyzed based on the principle of codominant inheritance of alleles from parents to offspring. DNA profiles of parental forms (Csaba gyoengye, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Hamburg, Kirovabadskiy stolovyi) of the studied varieties were taken from the international database of grape varieties VIVC (Vitis International Variety Catalogue), and we also used the previously developed DNA passport of Agadai variety. As a result of the study, DNA-passports of 6 varieties of DBESV&V breeding were developed. DNA analysis confirmed origin of grape varieties Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muskat Derbentskiy from the declared parental forms.

Annotation

The characteristic �strawberry� aroma of strawberry fruit is due to the presence of methyl anthranilate (methyl ester of anthranilic acid). The present study shows the results of the marker-assisted screening of promising strawberry selected forms created in the �I.V. Michurin FSC�, according to the FanAAMT gene controlling biosynthesis of methyl anthranilate. The biological objects of the study were strawberry selected hybrid forms 298-19-9-43 (FB2 F. orientalis, F. moschata, F. × ananassa), 26-5, 928-12, 913-102, 913-157 (FB3 F. orientalis, F. moschata, F. × ananassa), 932-29 (F. virginiana subsp. platypetala × Feyyerverk), 56-5, 56-18, 56-20 (Gigantella Maxim × Privlekatelnaya), 65-26 (Olimpiyskaya nadezhda × Bylinnaya), 61-22 (Bylinnaya × Olimpiyskaya nadezhda), 75-80, 75-68 (Tokado × Elianny), 28-11, 28-36 (Lakomaya× Maryshka), 21-14 (Urozhaynaya CGL × Rubinovyy kulon), and 72-67 (Privlekatelnaya × Bylinnaya). Total genomic strawberry DNA was extracted according to the modified CTAB method. The FanAAMT gene was identified with primers FanAAMT for/rev. As a result of the studies, the genetic sources of the functional allele of the FanAAMT gene were identified � strawberry selected forms 26-5 (Rubinovyy kulon× (([(F. orientalis Los. × Cavalier) × F. moschata Duch.] × Redcoat) × Senga Sengana)) and 928-12 ((([(F. orientalis Los. × Cavalier) × F. moschata Duch.] × Redcoat) × Senga Sengana) × Privlekatelnaya). It was found that the parental strawberry forms � wild species F. virginiana subsp. platypetala strawberry varieties Bylinnaya, Privlekatelnaya, Rubinovyy kulon, Feyyerverk are characterized by a heterozygous combination of alleles of the FanAAMT gene. The strawberry selected forms 26-5 and 928-12 are also characterized by a heterozygous genotype for the FaOMT mesifurane biosynthesis gene, which allows them to be used as complex sources of fruit aromatic complex genes.