Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia

Annotation

This paper presents the results of the varieties evaluation on the berry average mass in the collection of berry crops of the FSBSI NCFSCHVW. The collection of strawberry includes 139 varieties, red currant � 21, black currant � 20, gooseberry � 26 varieties. The varieties of collections have the different ecological-geographical origin. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the berry crops varieties of collection on the berry size. The generally accepted in Russia methods of breeding were used in this work. Study have shown that from the 139 strawberry varieties in the collection, 7 varieties have very small berries, 32 varieties � small berries, 76 varieties � medium-sized berries, 23 varieties � large berries and one variety named by Primella has very large berries. Among the 21 varieties of red currant, a very small berry is noted for the Nenaglyadnaya, large berries � for the Detvan variety, middle berries � for the Asia, Tatran, Dar Orla, Belka, Rozovoe Schastie, Yonker van Tets, the other 12 varieties of red currant are distinguished by small berries. Five black currant varieties have small berries, 3 � large berries (Dar Smolyaninovoy, Partizanka Bryanskaya, Slastena) and 12 varieties have the medium size of berries. Analysis of 26 varieties from gooseberry collection has showed that the largest berry size is noted for the Kubanets variety of NCRRIHV breeding. The most part of the gooseberry varieties in the collection (21 varieties) has the small berries. In our research, the eval-uation of the varieties from the berry crops collection on the berry size showed the need to replenish the gene pool of berry crops by new varieties with large berries and to select the varieties with big berry size.

Annotation

To date, about 50 S-alleles have been identified in the apple tree, but in most study, the foreign varieties are analyzed, whereas for many wild apple species and domestic varieties, information on the allelic state of the S gene is insufficient. The present study presents the results of PCR analysis of wild-type forms of the genus Malus Mill., as well as a number of apple cultivars homologous for individual alleles of the S-locus. Wild species and varieties of the genus Ma-lus Mill., and cultivated apple cultivars of domestic origin (Malus domestica Borkh.) were used as biological objects of the study. The extraction of genomic DNA was carried out according to the minutes of the company Diversity Arrays Technology P/L with modifications. Relative frequencies of occurrence of S-alleles in the studied collection are determined. The allelic status of the S-locus is established for the species forms M. cerasifera 29494 (S3S10), M. purpureav. pendula 2396 (S2S3S10), M. prunifoliav. ringo (S7S9), M. spectabilisv. Rubraplena (S3S10); and for the varieties of Currency (S5S9), Cascade (S3S10), Krasula (S7S9), Uspenskoe (S2S3), Frigate (S3S10), Sorceress (S9S10). There was no clear correlation between the allele state of the S-locus and the taxonomic identity of the genotype. For the Malus series are identified S2, S3, S5, S7, S9, S10 alleles; the Baccatae and Kirghisores series have S2, S3, S5, S9, S10 alleles (the S7 allele is absent). Analysis of the allelic state of the S-locus can be used as an indirect marker of the level of ploidy. Since the presence of two S-alleles is characteristics for organisms with a diploid set of chromosomes, the presence of three alleles in the species M. Purpurea v. pendula 2396 (S2, S3 and S10) indirectly indicates a triploid genome.

Annotation

Evaluation of the potential of new apple varieties and forms in the conditions of North Ossetia Alania is based on the study of the main elements of the productivity system: rapidity, the rate of increase in yield, the regularity of fruiting, and yield. The article gives an assessment of the production potential of promising apple varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in the conditions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The studies were carried out according to the generally accepted programs and methods of selection and sorting of fruit crops. We studied the early maturity, the regularity of fruiting, the yield of trees of different varieties of apple. High-speed varieties of regional selection � Fairy, Dawn, Talisman, Carmen, Gold Stream and foreign selection � Liberty with very early maturity � were allocated for the second year after planting annual garden plants on the MM-106 stock. It was noted that the the sign of the early fruit of the apple cultivar, with the exception of the Fairy variety, is immune to scab. The most productive varieties and forms of apple trees are distinguished in 2017: regional selection � Prikubanskoe, In memory of esaulu, Union, Rodnichok, Carmen, Talisman, Lubava, Lubimoe Dutova, 12 / 2-20-35; foreign selection � Gala Galaxy, Sunrise, Ligol, Pinova, Red Chif. The stable flatratio for the years of research (2014-2017) was noted in the apple-tree sorts: Red Amber, Soyuz, Prima, Gala Galaxy, Florina, Pinova and elite form 12/2-20-35. The study of the production potential of promising apple varieties of various maturation periods in the conditions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania made it possible to identify the most valuable varieties from among the studied for use in breeding research and production.

Annotation

Productivity is a complex indicator, consists of several elements � biological potential (bouquet twigs, growth shoots, fruit buds) and actual yield (flowers, ovaries and fruits formed). The evaluation of all indicators was carried out according to the methodological recommendations of the Institute "Assessment of the formation and implementation of the productivity of sweet cherry" (NCRRIH&V, 2013). Calculations of generative potential (GP), biological productivity (BP) of fruit shoots, actual productivity (FP) of flowering period and formation of ovaries and fruits were carried out. It is established that main part of the generative potential (the fetal buds) is laid on bouquet branches 67-89%, on the one-year shoot this indicator is much lower � 11-33 %. At the same time, the ratio of fruit and growth buds on bouquet branches is 3: 1, on annual shoots � 2:1. Cherry varieties are distinguished with a deviation from the average values, the Krasnodarskaya Sladkaya variety has a significant superiority: in 363 fruit-bearing 92 growth buds (4: 1) are on perennial fruit wood. The largest number of fruit buds in relation to growth � 197: 65 (3: 1) is noted in a variety of Shaluniay on an annual shoot. Determination of actual productivity (AF) after the flowering period has been showed that on average one fruit bud accounts for 3.0 flowers, ova-ry 1.5, fruit 1.2. On the basis of carried out study, cherry varieties of Kirina, Molodezhnaya, Nefris have been identified, with superior actual productivity indicators of 1.0-1.2 fruits per 1 fruit bud. Respectively, they have a high yield, in comparison with other studied varieties, of 15.0-20,0 kg from one tree. These varieties must be used in breeding programs as sources of productivity.

Annotation

Persian walnut is the widespread crop, covering the territories with a temperate climate around the world. The reasons for the economic importance of the walnut production are the oil-rich with high nutritional val-ue and taste, as well as valuable wood. The zone of the North Caucasus is suit-able for the industrial production of Per-sian walnut, but to increase in economic efficiency and reduce the risks of losses from adverse climatic factors, it should be planted the varieties with high adaptability, having an optimal set of agronomic valuable signs. The article presents the results of a four-years study of 14 selected forms of walnut under the Sub Kuban area condition of the Krasnodar Territory. One of the most important traits for walnut varieties in the condition of Krasnodar Territory is the ability to control the recurrent frosts increasing in recent years. Late flowering walnut forms are able to avoid the frosts and suffer from them is much less. In this aspect, the phenological observations forms are carried out. The trade and consumer qualities of fruits are studied, as the market prices of the products vary significantly depending on these indicators. Also the risk of walnut trees damage by critical low winter temperatures is significant. We assessed the hardiness of generative organs and the resistance to the most harmful diseases for all samples studied. According to the results of study, four of the most promising forms of Persian walnut breeding of the North Caucasus Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture (now NCFSCHVW) are selected.