Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
It is established that in the territory of Krasnodar region share of gardens, located on the best land, is small (only 12,2% of the area of all orchards). Other orchards are located on the lands, where there are certain limitations for the cultivation of fruit cultures, which causes the need of conducting the additional costs to overcome the environmental non-optimality of land territory for horticulture
Summing up the results of years of research, a technology of walnut cultivation in the Northern Caucasus is presented. The main elements of the system are: optimization of plants espacement depending on gones of cultivation, proper varieties selection, krone formation, phytosanitary measures and other technological elements.
The relevance of branches chopping for mulch in the inter row-spacings of orchards after pruning is shown. The basic con-structive standard sizes of mowers-grinders are analysed, methodology and ef-ficiency of their application are given.
Results of research in regulation of light exposure of krone and transformation of growth shoots in fruit formations in the low growing apple-trees with density of placing 2000 pieces/hectare and more are presented. In most varieties of apple-trees summer pruning decreases vegetative growth and improves the conditions of formation and development of fruit formations. Balanced training of krone stabilizes fructification.
Comparative study of sweet cherry trees training systems was conducted. Training of trees according to system Spanish bush lowered the intensity of growth twofold and accelerated the beginning trees fructification by three years.