Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Apple juice is one of the most popular drinks among the population. The content of physiologically valuable components is one of the most important indicators of juice quality. It is equally important to preserve the healing properties of apple juice during storage with the desirable use of natural preserving agents. An infusion of bracken fern can be used as a natural preserving agent. The objects of the study were apple juices of direct pressing, extracts of bracken fern. Generally accepted and instrumental methods were used for analysis. Experiments related to sensory analysis were carried out in the laboratory. As a result of the work, the composition of several variants of apple juices for preservation, in which fern extract was used, was studied. Fern extract was obtained using hydrochloric, malic, citric acids in molar concentration. It is established that the maximum content of biologically valuable substances is found in extracts of hydrochloric acid. Extracts obtained with malic and citric acids were used to study the canning process of experimental apple juices. It is shown that the use of fern extract with malic or citric acids in dosages of 0.025-0.1 % ensured the stability of apple juices during the guaranteed period of storage. The degustation of apple juices carried out by the expert commissionconfirmed the immutability of their taste characteristics. It was noted that the introduced fern extracts practically did not change the physico-chemical composition of the juice. As a result of experiments, the limiting amount of the dosage of fern extract was found, equal to 0.2 % of the juice volume, which begins to lead to a change in the taste characteristics of apple juice and lower its quality indicators.
Clonal breeding of grapes is one of the methods of variety improvement, which allows to identify the genetic variations of the variety most adapted to climatic and soil growing conditions. More than three thousand clones have been registered in the world, most of which are 1.5 times more productive than mother plantations. The search for adapted genotypes to the agro-climatic conditions of the Temryuk region is a promising task, since about 30 % of grape plantations in the Krasnodar region are located in this area. Higher productivity of clonal breeding can be expected when working with varieties of old origin. Saperavi is an ancient Georgian grape variety, one of the best Georgian varieties for winemaking. The purpose of our research is to isolate new clones of the Saperavi variety, adapted to local growing conditions. An analysis of the climatic conditions of the Temryuk region indicates an increase in the aridity of the territory (the period of 1991-2020 compared to 1961-2020), an increase in the average absolute maximum air temperature and an increase in the frequency of temperatures below minus 20 ºC. In the Temryuk region, in industrial plantations of the Saperavi variety, an expeditionary survey was carried out to identify bushes for inclusion in further study as candidates for clones of the Saperavi variety. As a result of the survey, according to a complex of positive characteristics, 4 bushes were identified for further observations and records. The selected samples according to the microsatellite DNA profile correspond to the Saperavi variety. Experimental samples of grapes were used in the preparation of red table wines by fermentation of the must on the pulp in the micro-winemaking department. All experimental samples of Saperavi wines had similar values in the concentrations of sugars and titrated acids. The mass concentration of the given extract in the experimental samples of dry wines was in the range of 26.1-28.8 g/dm3.
In the Krasnodar region, as well as in the whole south of the Russian Federation, viola Vittroka is one of the most common flower plants for use in greenification and landscape design. The seedling method of cultivation for this crop is the main one. In this regard, the purpose of the conducted research was to establish the optimal feeding area and cell configuration, contributing to the production of high-quality seedlings when grown in cassettes for two varieties of viola common in the Kuban (Krasnaya Shapochka and Krylya babochki). The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in a winter glazed greenhouse and on the experimental site of the vegetable growing department in the botanical garden of KubSAU. It was found that the smallest feeding area in the experiment (4 cm2 ) led to the complete death of all plants in the phase of 5-6 leaves. The feeding area of 25 cm2 contributed to the earlier timing of the onset of phenological phases, but a decrease in the size of the leaf blade and a decrease in the intensity of flowering plants in the ground. A large feeding area (49 cm2 ) during the cultivation of seedlings slightly slowed down the formation of generative organs in the studied varieties, but contributed to an increase in the leaf apparatus due to the size of the leaf blade, as well as the intensity of the flowering process in the open ground. The largest number of generative organs of viola plants was formed by midJuly from seedlings with a feeding area of 49 cm2 : this indicator was 11 pcs in the Krasnaya Shapochka variety; 12 pcs in the Krylya babochki variety. In August, due to high temperatures and low humidity, the splendor of flowering decreased in all variants of the experiment. The configuration of the cell did not have a significant effect on the rate of passage of the phenophases of viola plants, the rate of leaf growth, the nature of flowering, both in the seedling period and when growing plants in soil conditions.
The article considers the issue of the influence of abnormal agrometeorological conditions on the yield capacity of early table grape varieties of interspecific origin in the Krasnodar region to create a mathematical model of minimum yield capacity. Paired correlation and multiple regression were used to assess the impact of abnormal agrometeorological conditions on the yield capacity. The yield capacity of grapes of early table varieties of interspecific origin was taken from different agroecological zones of the Krasnodar region for 1997-2020. Extreme agrometeorological indicators are calculated according to generally accepted methods. Using pair correlation, the most important extreme agrometeorological parameters were selected: the minimum air temperature of June-November of the previous year (r = 0.41), the total precipitation in May-July (r = 0.50) and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient for May-July (r = 0.52). The prognostic model of the minimum yield capacity of early table grape varieties of interspecific origin included the minimum air temperature of June-November of the previous year and the Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient for May-July. The model was tested according to the observed yield capacity indicators obtained in the Central Agroecological Zone on two varieties of early ripening of interspecific origin Gurman Kraynova and Viktor. The predicted average minimum yield capacity of early table grape varieties of interspecific origin for agroecological zones and subzones of the Krasnodar region was determined using the developed yield capacity model. Agroecological subzones with high average minimum predicted yield capacity depending on abnormal weather conditions were identified in the Black Sea zone, subzones BS1, BS2 and BS5 with yield capacity equal to or higher than 10 t/ha, in the Northern zone of subzones N1 and N3 with yield capacity above 9 t/ha, in the Western zone of subzone W1 with yield capacity above 9 t/ha, in the Central zone of the C1, C2 and C3 subzones with yield capacity above 8 t/ha. The lowest predicted productivity is shown by varieties in the subzones of the Central Agroecological Zone remote from the sea and in the Foothill zone. This technique for assessing the risks of cultivation is recommended to be used for any varieties of technical and table directions of use.
The paper presents the results of functional and structural modeling of products for personalized nutrition and substantiates the relevance of the development of specialized digital tools. The analysis of the production of food products in recent years has revealed the main trends in the structure of produced species. As objects for the organization of personalized nutrition, mass consumption products were chosen bread and bakery products, confectionery, canned fruits and vegetables, soft drinks. As research methods, the methodology of functional and structural modeling of systems is used. Most food products contain various sets of ingredients, and those, in turn, consist of a certain set of chemical elements. Their combinations in various proportions lead to the fact that the final product will have certain properties, both positively and negatively affecting people's health. Accounting for these factors, identifying the composition of ingredients when designing products for personalized nutrition, in which the positive effect will be as favorable as possible, is a complex and time-consuming task that is impossible without the use of modern IT solutions. One of the basic stages of designing the corresponding digital tools is the description of the functional and structural model, which is presented in this article. This model allows to consider in detail the structure of future digital tools, the input and output information of each design stage, to determine the links and dependencies between the individual components of the system. The model is based on the SADT methodology in IDEF0 and IDEF3 notations. A TOP-diagram and three levels of decomposition are presented with an emphasis on the block of optimization of the component composition. Modeling of this particular process will later serve as the basis for creating digital tools for designing healthy food products with a given composition.