Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Results of research on formation of various types of krones of sweet cherry on clonal stock VSL-2 in the irrigation conditions of the Rostov region are presented and preliminarily promising krone types are allocated.
It has been established that in the conditions of the foothills in the region of western ap-proaches of the Caucasus in the plantations with their rows oriented to the westwards of the east and with flattening of the rounded tree crowns made for the trees in the trans-verse row direction the content of dry soluble substances, saccharins, ascorbic acid, anthocyans in the peel is increased in the fruits from Idared variety appletrees.
The analysis of the chemical composition of the apple-tree fruits depending on the level of root nourishment in the intensive plant-ings, on the basis of the results of agrochemical research in the course of experiments with fertilizer of fruit crops is carried out. The equations of dependence between the content of mineral elements in the apple-tree fruit and the content of total forms of elements in the leaves in connection with the level of a root nourish-ment are received.
The result of research on working out of methods of soil fertility control in the fruit cenosis are presented. It is shown, that phytomelioration method, leading to accumulation of organic substance in the soil, has influence not only on the soil feed regime, but increase its biological activity.
Use of drip irrigation or fertigation in apple-tree plantations contributed to the decline of fruit shattering, an increase of their average weight and getting in some years of surplus up to 26-50 % compared to the naturally growing plants. However, to overcome the periodicity of fructification of apple-trees was not possible. In the summer conditions in the south of Russia drip irrigation did not affect the change in temperature and humidity of the ground layer of the air and, accordingly, did not contribute to the generative bud setting.