Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
The specific structure and harmfulness of fungal diseases of wild strawberry are defined. Comprehensive perspective of use the of hemical and microbiological fungicides immunomodulating factors and them admixtures against fungal diseases of wild strawberry is established.
A new approach to definition determining the harmfulness of pests and diseases in vineyards is offered that allows differentiat-edly to approach to modeling systems for the protection of plantations on the basis of a phytosanitary condition of the plantation, stability of the sort, the prevailing weather conditions and type of damage the pest. Be able to do the high-quality protection of vineyards and reduce consumption of pesti-cides by 25-30%.
The data about the increase of species composition and increase the range of Phytophags order Thysanoptera, Hmptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera in the vineyards are presented. The most significant changes occurred in the fauna of sucking pests. The reasons for the changes are named: the introduction of planting material, adaptation to the conditions of the grape ecosystem of local fauna.
As a result of studying sensitivity of an apple varieties to different origin of fungous disease in the conditions of Krasnodar region are allocated resistant and low-susceptible apple varieties which allows for the introduction to ensure non-polluting production, to reduce technogenic load by a garden biocenosis.
In the article results of researches the dynamics of residues of organophosphate insecticides used in the garden are presented. It is established that properties of low stability in the external environment and the rapid disintegration on treated sites have only contact organophosphate preparations, which do not penetrate inside the plant facilities (phuphanon, karbophos-500, kemiphos, etc.). System preparations (o.s. chlorpyrephos, zolon, dimetoat, etc.) differ considerably more resistant in the environment are exposed to strict regulation and are limited in practical application.