Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Protein deficiency is an acute problem in the modern world. On average, the recommended intake of protein per day for an adult is about 70 grams, and the indicators of actual protein intake are much lower and vary depending on the region. Currently, thanks to the development of innovations in genetics, new varieties of crops with a high protein content are being developed. These include amaranth and lentil crops growing on the territory of the Krasnodar region and the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to develop a sauce recipe based on amaranth greens and lentil seeds used as enriching protein additives. The objectives of the study include: creation of a conceptual model of protein-enriched sauce; selection of vegetable raw materials enriched with protein; development of a recipe for enriched sauce. During the research, the indicators of the chemical composition of raw materials were studied, confirming their technological significance for use as an enriching protein component for healthy food products; recipes for sauce with an increased protein content providing 16 % of the recommended daily intake were developed; regulatory documentation for a new type of product for healthy nutrition was developed; the efficiency of the investment project was calculated. Innovative criteria of the developed technology are the following indicators: the use of exclusively vegetable raw materials in the composition of products, without the addition of synthetic dyes and the possibility of changing functional properties by regulating the ratios of the components of the sauce formulation; increased preservation of nutrients in the finished product; physiological availability of sauce as an enriched product; high producibility of the method.
The article provides a comparative analysis of existing methods and models for designing healthy food products with a given composition: experimental statistical modeling, linear programming, object-oriented approach, fuzzy logic models, neural networks. For each technique, their key features, as well as shortcomings and boundaries of effective application, are identified. The choice of a basic technique for subsequent practical application is justified based on the results of the analysis linear programming: the simplex method and its modifications. Further, the paper presents a description of mathematical models and algorithms for solving three problems that implement the design of the component composition of functional foods. For each technique, sets of input and output data, constraints, objective functions, as well as generalized sequences of actions in calculations in the form of flowcharts of algorithms are defined. The component composition optimization model will allow you to design the selected healthy food products based on its basic recipe, optimizing it according to a given criterion: cost, energy value, degree of content of a certain chemical component, etc. The methodology for optimizing nutritionally balanced food recipes with desired properties and composition is based on the use of norms of physiological needs for nutrients for different population groups. It allows to evaluate a specific formulation of a healthy nutrition product for its compliance with these standards for a given population group. A distinctive feature of the proposed method of system modeling of multicomponent food products of functional nutrition is the possibility of designing a recipe for given ratios of components and chemicals. The described models will further be the basis for the development of digital tools for designing healthy food products with a given composition.
The article presents agrobiological and uvological indicators of seedlings in hybrid populations of Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Spartanets Magaracha, Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Megrabuyr, Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Nerkarat in the conditions of the South Coast of Crimea. In terms of shoot productivity (SP) and average bunch weight, the populations of Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Megrabuyr (SP = 217-234 g/shoot, 143.4 g) and Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Nerkarat (SP = 178-190 g/shoot, 123.3 g) are distinguished. The resistance disjoining of hybrid seedling leaf apparatus to powdery mildew on a natural infectious background in the growing season of 2021-2022 was assessed. The largest proportion of resistant plants was identified in the population of Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Spartanets Magaracha 54.5 %. The average resistance score for the population was 5.9. A significant number of seedlings susceptible to powdery mildew (1-3 points) were obtained in cross combinations with paternal varieties Megrabuyr (50 %) and Nerkarat (42.9 %). Seedlings with a very high degree of resistance (9 points) were not found in the studied populations. Populations characterized by a high breeding value were identified: Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Spartanets Magaracha (54.5 %), Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Nerkarat (28.6 %). According to the true heterosis indicator, the populations of Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Megrabuyr (33.3 %) and Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Nerkarat were distinguished, providing the effect of true heterosis of 56.7 %. Agrobiological study and analysis of the material obtained in comparison with parental forms in hybrid populations of Tsitronnyi Magaracha variety made it possible to identify a promising form of wine direction Magarach No. 32-96-28-10 (Tsitronnyi Magaracha x Megrabuyr).
In the article the terms and duration of the phases of vegetation of new table grape varieties in the weather conditions of the moderate continental climate of the Krasnodar region were established. The objects of the study were Vitis L. grape varieties: Agat Dubovskiy, Akello, Gamlet, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Ispolin, Kishmish Dubovskiy, Pestryi, Timoti, Livia (control). Rootstock is SO4. According to the method of Lazarevsky M.A., the beginning of budbreak, flowering, veraison and technological maturity of grape berries were noted. The relationship of weather conditions with the duration of vegetation phases was determined by the correlation coefficient. According to the international classification, groups of varieties have been identified according to their maturation dates: very early Livia, early Akello, Dubovskiy rozovyi, Pestryi, medium-early Gamlet, Timoti, medium Kishmish Dubovskiy, medium-late Ispolin and Agat Dubovskiy. The coefficients of paired correlation of weather conditions and the duration of vegetation periods, which are significant according to the Student's criterion, have been established. The most significant is the dependence of the duration of vegetation periods on the sum of air temperatures above + 10 ºC the greater the sum of temperatures, the longer the phase, except for the duration of vegetation of very early and early varieties (r = -0.68 the average inverse relationship). An increase in the amount of precipitation in the phase of the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and during the growing season also contributes to the lengthening of periods (r = 0.68 ... 0.99). In the budbreak - flowering phase, on the contrary, accelerates (r = -0.82 ... -0.84). The maximum air temperature has a different effect depending on the phase: with an increase in temperature in the beginningof veraison-technological maturity phase, its duration increases (r = 0.43... 0.60), the length of the budbreak-flowering phase and, in general, the growing season decreases with an increase in maximum temperature (r = 0.83 ... 0.87). An increase in the average air temperature (r = 0.46... 0.91) and the minimum (r = 0.67... 0.95) reduces the duration of the budbreak-flowering phases, the beginning of veraison-technological maturity and the growing season.
The use of DNA markers, along with classical identification methods based on morphological assessment, makes it possible to more accurately determine the varietal affiliation of grape plants, as well as clarify the origin of genotypes. The purpose of this work is to perform genotyping of grape varieties bred by the Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing (DBESV&V) using microsatellite markers (SSR) used for varietal identification and clarify the origin of varieties using DNA analysis data. The objects of the study were six table grape varieties Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muscat Derbenskiy. The DNA of the studied varieties was extracted by the CTAB method from herbarized plant material. Genotyping was carried out using a standard set of SSR markers: VVS2, VVMD5, VVMD7, VVMD27, VrZAG62, VrZAG79 by PCR followed by analysis of the results on an ABI Prism 3130 genetic analyzer, the obtained data were processed using the GeneMapper v 4.1 program and aligned with reference variety Pinot noir. Pedigrees of varieties were analyzed based on the principle of codominant inheritance of alleles from parents to offspring. DNA profiles of parental forms (Csaba gyoengye, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Hamburg, Kirovabadskiy stolovyi) of the studied varieties were taken from the international database of grape varieties VIVC (Vitis International Variety Catalogue), and we also used the previously developed DNA passport of Agadai variety. As a result of the study, DNA-passports of 6 varieties of DBESV&V breeding were developed. DNA analysis confirmed origin of grape varieties Vezne, Dolchatyi, Zhemchuzhina Yuga, Zarya Derbenta, Leki and Muskat Derbentskiy from the declared parental forms.