Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Results of a complex estimation of 18 grades of a sweet cherry different ecological and geographical origin are resulted, used in selection. The best genotypes on the basic indicators of productivity are allocated. Potential possibilities of productivity grades of sweet cherry are defined, and the main factors influencing their implementation at each stage organogenesis are revealed. Donors of productivity combining high biological productivity with high degree of its implementation, expressed in yield grade are allocated.
Results of researches selection sweet cherry are presented in article. Laws of inheritance of a sign large-fruited and integumentary colouring of fruits are established. Donors and carriers of the basic economic-valuable signs are revealed. Using donors and carriers of valuable signs, applying modern methods of selection at institute a series of new grades of a sweet cherry of intensive gardens meeting modern requirements is created and allowing to create the conveyor of high-quality fruits: early term of maturing: Kavkazskaya, Kavkazskaya uluchshennaya, Sashenka, Utro Kubani; an average: Uzhnaya, Barhatnaya, Solnishko, Rubinovaya Kubani, Dar Izobilia, Demetra; the late: Mak, Alaya.
Using genetic-statistical approaches researches of annual and seasonal dynamics of concentration of biochemical parameters at defeat Blumeriella jaapii (Rehm.) forms of genus erasus Mill in the system owner-activator-environment are studuied. Studying of structure of variability of biochemical parameters during vegetation of plants has allowed to find genetic-statistical approaches to establish of correlations with immunity, and also to develop the express train-method of an estimation of stability to illness. The observed ecological component of variability of biochemical attributes allows to develop new methods of forecasting of development of infection.
As a result of interspecific hybridization and methods of biotechnology in North Caucasian Regional Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture many forms of genus Cerasus ill. with the original external characteristics is received. The collection immune to Blumeriella jaapii decorative forms is cre-ated. Perspective forms in use for gardening are allocated.
The results of the study variety-rootstocks combinations varieties of plum Russian (Rrunus rossica Erem) and cherry plum with a clonal stock are resulted. The most produc-tive and early appearance of variety-rootstocks combinations such as Globus/ Kuban 86, Kubanskaya kometa/ Kuban 86, Shater/ VVA-1, Globus/ VVA-1, Puteshestvennitcha/ VVA-1 are allo-cated. In the 4-years old trees of these vari-ety-rootstocks combination give a yield of 10-28 tons / ha.