Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
The results of research of complex Polimiks-Agro fertilizer use in the Stanley plums plantings in the Krasnodar Region are presented in the article. It is established that not root processing of trees by studied preparation promoted the increase of buds/fruits quantity on an one inflorescence of plums plants in comparison with control variant without treatment. Use the "Polimiks-Agro" preparation in the phase "fruit formation" have impact on rationing of ovary/buds/fruits on plums plant. The increase of trees productivity of Stenley variety in all variants of experience with processing by "Polimiks-Agro" preparation is noted. The greatest increase of plants productivity is revealed in option No. 8 21,3 (+6,5) t/hectare and in option No. 5 20,8 (+6,0) t/hectare, the productivity of control is 14,8 t/hectare. The greatest average mass of plums fruits is received on variant of experience No. 4 with processing by complex fertilizer in the phase " fruit formation" 37,4 g and No. 6 with processing of plants in the phase "blossoming beginning" + "fruit formation " 37,5 g, that is caused by smaller loading of fruits of plums plants in these variants of experience. The results of the carried out biochemical analysis showed that the "Polimiks-Agro" preparation didnt render the essential influence on dynamics of accumulation of sugars, acids and ascorbic acid in the fruits of Stanley plum.
The purpose of research is to define the efficiency of a new preparation of Antifreese with a complex of biologically active agents for decrease of stressful influence on plants of weather conditions and receiving of high-quality fruits production. The conducted research allows to optimize the mode of application of Antifreeze of a Natural Origin (ANO) on sweet cherry of Kavkazskaya variety. Under the conditions of abnormally hot spring the ANO preparation used in the form of not root feeding of plants in a phase of formation of buds and blooming flowers (for 50-60 %) promoted the increase of sweet cherry ovary for 11,2-19,8 % in comparison with control variant. The increase of sweet cherry mass at 21,6 % is the other effect. This effect had a positive impact on commodity qualities of production. It is established by biochemical research that Antifreeze of Natural Origin had positive impact on accumulation of soluble solids, sugars and organic acids in the fruits, their quantity increased on 4-5%. The increase in the content of vitamin C at 16% and strengthening of color intensity of sweet cherries on 5 %, that allowed to receive fruits with high biochemical indicators of quality, was observed. The conclusion follows that Antifreeze is an additional means to correct the accumulation of antioxidants, and it has a positively affect on improvement of biological and nutritional value of fruits and their consumer qualities.
It is known that by means of growth regulators of various physiological mechanism of action it is possible to directly regulate the processes of growth and fructification of fruit crops. The purpose of research is to define the degree of influence of gibberellin treatmtnt of sweet cherrys plants on fruit ovary, the increase of their size, the maintenance of biologically active elements and trees productivity. Gibberellin was applied on Cavkazkaya sweet cherry in the Precuban fruits zone of Krasnodar Region. Object of studying of gibberellin action on sweet cherrys plants are the flowers during mass blossoming and fruits during active growth and maturing. In the period of full maturity of fruits in the laboratory of storage and processing of NCRRIH&V the content of biologically active agents is defined. It is established that trees treatment of gibberellin during formation of fruits reduces their falling and promotes to formation of full ovary. Excess of quantity of well remained and developed fruits in comparison with control is 33%. Gibberellin in all options of experience promoted the acceleration of fruits maturing of sweet cherry in comparison with control option. It is allocated as the optimum the double processing of preparation on blossoming and ovary of sweet cherry, which authentically improved the biochemical fruits indicators. This processing increased the content of P-active agents on 50,8-63,4 mg / 100g and quantity of anthocyanes (374,6 mg / 100) in the fruits of sweet cherry.
According to the technological requirements for table grapes the transportability of variety is an important quality criterion. It is not always possible to characterize the transportability of table grapes varieties by the transportability coefficient, so the task of our research was to develop a method for objective evaluation of transportability of table grapes varieties and to determine the percentage of influence of cultural practices on transportabilitys indexes. Based on a study of indirect transportabilitys indexes of table grapes varieties and the results of conducted discriminant analysis, the regression equations describing evaluation of a concrete grapes variety for three levels of transportability were proposed. These equations allow to evaluate the impact of different cultural practices on the percentage of transportabilitys properties of a variety in its relation to different groups of transportability. With the purpose of testing the proposed method, the evaluation of impact of foliar feeding (as a cultural practice) on transportability of table grapes varieties was given. The analysis of data showed that, in most cases, the foliar feeding had a significant impact on indirect transportability indexes of studied varieties. The obtained regression equations were also tested with the purpose to evaluate the transportability of new table grapes varieties.
The purpose of this work is to establish the dependence of foamy properties of wine materials, made from varieties of interspecific breeding Bianka, Pervenets Magaracha and Podarok Magaracha, from a place of grapes growth and technology of its processing. For research of wine materials produced by the enterprises of Anapa and Temryuk area of Krasnodar Region are chosen. The results of research showed that the value of foam-forming ability of wine material depends on varietal features of grapes not only, but also on a place of its growing. It is established for all studied grapes varieties the following regularity: in the samples developed from grapes, growing in the Temryuk area, the value of foam-forming ability is slightly higher, than it is in wine materials from the Anapas area. The increase in height of foam column during samples foaming to 11-13 mm was observed in a course of research of wine materials of Aligote and Podarok of Magaracha. The conclusion is drawn that in Aligote and Podarok Magaracha wine materials the surface-active substances with raised foam-forming (not defaming) function is prevailed. The wine materials produced from interspecific hybrids of grapes of Bianka, Podarok Magaracha, Pervenets Magaracha and Aligotes classical variety, have close value of foam-forming ability and a surface tension. The results of conducted research show, that the technology of production of wine materials had the greatest impact on foam-forming ability.