Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
The model of bioecological regulation of development of mildew of the apple-tree, providing along with operative suppression of development of disease conservation and augmentation of density of natural population of hyperparasitic fungi of sort Ampelomyces biocenosis in the orchard is developed and proved.
The results of long-term researches on the species composition of pests and beneficial fauna, biological characteristics of pests, trophic relations in entomo and acarapidosis apple-tree orchards, the definition of the role of natural mineral entomo- acarifauna populations, the degree of settling of orchards phyto, entomo - and acariphages depending on the age of a orchard are presented. Influence of level of pesticidal loads on species composition of phyto, entomo - and acariphages is studied. Systems of plant protection with a share of ecologically safe products of 25-30 % allow to receive biological efficiency of 91-99 %, to keep a complex of useful fauna.
Results of experimental researches by definition of biological efficiency of chemical, microbiological preparations and biologically active substances on plum against plum moth (Laspeyresia funebrana) and the ordinary web-mite are presented. Preliminary parameters of low-risk preparations in the integrated protection systems of plum are established.
It is established, that the basic negative consequences of pesticides are manifested in inhibition of respiratory activity microbic cenosis. The degree and duration of the revealed infringements of a functional condition agrobiocenosis reflect the level of ecotoxical action of systems of protection. Indicators of potential respiratory activity of soil microbial respiration rate and allow us to estimate the reserves possibilities of the biotic component of ecosystems. The account of indicators of a functional condition of soil biological environment is one of the basic conditions of formation of ecologically proved systems of protection South fruit and citrus fruit crops.
The data of the biological efficiency of integrated systems for the protection of grapes from oidium with chemical and microbiological (fungal and bacterial) fungicides are presented. A comparative assessment of the influence of chemical and biologized protection systems at grape phylloplan is given. The following stress reduction phytotoxicity biologized protection systems, expressed in maintaining moisture in the plants is shown.