Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Defining indicator of promising varieties of culture is marketability of fruits. The results of research of varietal features of sweet cherry allowed to form the quality indicators of fruits are presented in the article. Research is conducted in the experimental gardens EPF "Central" (Krasnodar). The research based on the standard techniques of determination of fruits quality, their weight, size, attractiveness. Sweet cherry varieties are divided on maturing terms and in the each group the varieties capable to realize fully the biological potential of marketability of fruits are allocated. As a result of breeding works at NCRRIH&V the large-fruited sweet cherry varieties of early middle and late maturing with weight of fruits of 8-10 g are created. These varieties are forming a basis for further strengthening of this sign. In the course of studying the sweet cherry varieties with the stablest indicator of large fruits are revealed. On the basis of a tasting assessment the sweet cherry varieties with high tastes and most attractiveness are allocated, which tasting assessment was 4,6-4,8 points,. Results of the work carried out at the institute in the recent years allowed to renovate substantially the sweet cherry assortment, filled up it with new high-quality varieties. The most of these varieties currently pass the State test and 9 varieties entered into the State Register of Breeding Achievements.
Many varieties of strawberry imported into Krasnodar region doesnt conform to the modern requirements to varieties, therefore the timely assessment of varieties on the major economic and valuable traits is necessary for their further production. It is the purpose of our work. 11 introduced varieties of strawberry on indicators of productivity and large-fruited were studied, the assessment of density of berries is carried out for 9 varieties. For carrying out of research the standard programs and techniques of Russia were used. The qualitative characteristic of berries including average weight, form, appearance, tastes quality was estimated. It is established that the average mass of strawberrys berries of the introduced varieties in the Krasnodar region doesnt reach to European standards (25 g). Florence, Molling Pandora and Irma varieties are the most large-fruited. The average mass of berries varied from 16,8 to 17,3 g. Alba and Florence varieties have the most berries dense of strawberry. High attractiveness of berries appearance is noted at Alba, Roxana and Florence varieties. Roxana, Florence. Onda and Irma varieties were the best by the results of general tasting assessment of berries. Florence is the only strawberrys variety which on all studied traits was included into group with the highest rates of indicators.
The meristems cultivation by a method of clonal microreproduction is the main way of production a qualitative virus-free landing material of fruits, berries and grapes cultures. High specificity of raspberry and gooseberry plantlets reaction on composition of nutrient medium during cultivation demands the individual selection of mediums components for the most successful reproduction in vitro of revitalized plants. This work is carried out in the Center of reproduction of fruit, berry crops and grapes of NRRIH&V. Object of research and improvement was the using now technique of production of the revitalized landing material of raspberry and a gooseberry varieties. The results of research on cultivation of raspberry and gooseberry meristems in vitro are presented in the article; the efficiency of various nutrient mediums is studied: Anderson, Lee De Fossard and 4 modifications of Murashige and Skoog (with various concentrations of biologically active substances and glycine). As a result of the research it is established that the most effective introduction in vitro culture of experimental varieties of raspberry and gooseberry (92% of meristems get accustomed) occurs on Murashige and Skoog nutrient medium (1962) containing macro- and microelements by recipe, vitamins C 1,0 mg/l, B1 1,0 mg/l, B6 0,5 mg/l, nicotinic acid 0,5 mg/l, inositol 100 mg/l, sucrose of 20 g/l, agar-agar 8 g/l with the doubled content of iron chelate and without glycine amino acid.
One means of intensification of production of planting material is induction of growth corrective effects using bioeffective drugs growth regulators. Objects of study of bioeffective drugs influence on the growth corrective effects were grapes cuttings of technical Aligote variety grafted on Kober 5BB rootstock. As plant growth regulators were preparations obtained in JSC "Institute of Chemical Sciences named A.B. Bekturov" under the code AES-17 and KN-2 and DEB-41. The experiment was divided into two phases. As a result of analysis of all the dates of the first phases were identified three most effective variants of the experiment: AES-17 conc. 1, KN-2 conc. 1 and DEB -41 conc. 3. According to the results of the second phase , it was found that the level of profitability of the best results have options: KN-2 conc. 1 with level of profitability - 157.1 % and DEB -41 conc. 3 with levels of profitability - 134.2 %. These indexes exceeds the level of profitability of the control group on 31.3% and 8.4 %, respectively. It was found that the use of preparation KH 2 conc. 1, in the step before waxing of grafted cuttings, not only increases the yield of grafted grapes seedlings from nursery by 9.6%, but also increases the profitability up to 157.1 %, which is 31.3 % higher than in the control variant. Qualitative indicators of the grown-up saplings in option with preparation KN-2 application, exceeded the indicators of control option. Accounting of development of annual shoots showed that in KN-2 option has the greatest development of shoots which exceeds the control data on 6,7 cm. On qualitative indicators of soldering the most effective options of experience are the next: KN-2 conc. 1, and DEB-41 conc. 3 91,9% and 91,7% respectively.
Considerable influence on rizogenesis of green cuttings, biometric indicators and quality of a landing material of fruit crops exerts a soil substratum. For process of rooting the methods of preparation of cuttings material have essential value also. Prelanding processing of cuttings in the solutions of growth regulators improves the rooting and quality of a landing material. The purpose of our work is research of influence of substratum and growth regulators on rooting of sea-buckthorn cuttings taking into account its varietal features. There are three varieties of a sea-buckthorn in the experience Businka, Zolotistaya and Chuyskaya. Landing of cuttings is carried out in the first decade of July. The nutritious mixes received on a basis of local raw materials sapropel, peat and lignin are researched. Green cuttings is carried out by the standard technique. It is established that the activity of rizogenesis and biometric parameters of sea-buckthorn cuttings depends on the varietal features, used substratum and applied growth regulators. The analysis of results of experience showed that the share of influence of growth regulators on quantity of standard landing material of sea-buckthorn is 55,2%, a substratum share is 42%, a share of varietal reactions of a sea-buckthorns plants is 2,8%. The most positive effect of impact on quality of a landing material of a sea-buckthorn is obtained on a substratum peat+sand+lignin+soil. On interaction "variety growth stimulator" the following combinations were more productively: Zolotistaya-IMK, Chuyskaya-IUK.