Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
The article presents the results of the institutions research work obtained in 2023. Research is focused on solving problems: accelerated creation of new varieties of horticultural crops based on the mobilization of bioresource collections using molecular genetic methods and digital technologies; ensuring environmental and economic sustainability and optimal productivity of perennial agrocenoses, as well as the quality and safety of preserved plant agricultural raw materials based on biologization and digitalization of technological processes. An analysis of the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities is given according to the criteria of research, publishing, publiation, inventive activity, innovative, educational and financial and economic activities of a scientific institution. As a result of R&D, 115 completed developments of fundamental importance have received, forming the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of scientific and technical products of a priority applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 81 developments that provide improvement in the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and vineyards, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool is preserved 7,253 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 127 varieties; clones were selected and 7 donors were identified and 53 sources for creating new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, sustainability to the most harmful diseases and pests. The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use in 2023 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes 3 varieties of apple trees, one grape variety, one clonal rootstock of small stone fruit crops, a rose variety bred by the scientific institution. Output products are registered in the USAIS electronic accounting database in the form of intellectual property for 99 completed developments. Regulatory documentation has been developed in the form of organizational standards, technological instructions and technical conditions for 37 completed developments.
The article summarizes the main results of scientific research conducted by scientists of Anapa ZESV&W branch of FSBSI NCFSCGVW in 2023 in the performance of the State task, aimed at the search, mobilisation, conservation, study and replenishment of gene resources of grapes, development of a method of analysis of vegetation indices of ampelocenoses according to long-term satellite data and obtaining new knowledge about the regularities of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors of growing grapes, as well as technological methods of wine production on changes in the biochemical composition of grapes. The researches were carried out in plantations of the center of collective use Anapa ampelographic collection and production plantations of grapes of Krasnodar region by generally accepted and adapted methods. As a result of fulfilment of the thematic plan, 7 completed developments of fundamental and 4 of priority-applied importance were obtained, including: 5 sources of breeding-valuable traits, 2 elite forms, 1 standard operating procedure for growing hybrid grape seedlings (SOP 00668034-005-2023), 1 database (Certificate of state registration of database 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application 2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 computer programme (Certificate of state registration of database 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application 2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 technological instruction (Technology of production of wine and wine in bulk (wine material) dry white Barkhatnyi Muscat (TI 11.02.12-185-00668034-2023). 2 patents have been obtained based on the results of research. In general, the scientific institution maintains 21 objects of intellectual property, 14 of them for varieties. The benchmark for fulfilment of the R&D plan on publication activity according to the state assignment for 2023 was a publication score of 7.0. The actual implementation was 11.6 points. The total number of published papers is 24, 11 of which were included in the RSCI core.
The main results of scientific research of the Krasnodar research Institute of storage and processing of agricultural products branch of the FSBSI North Caucasian Federal scientific center of horticulture, viticulture, winemaking, obtained in 2023 by scientists of the Institute in the implementation of the State order in 4 areas of scientific research, as well as data reflected the publication fecundity and patent activity. Research work was carried out in accordance with the PFSR in the Russian Federation for a long-term period (2021-2030) in the direction: 4.4.1 Storage and processing of agricultural products. Ensuring the priorities of the PFSR in the Russian Federation for the long term (2021-2030) provides for the need to conduct scientific research, the purpose of which is to develop algorithms for predicting the properties of biologically active substances based on molecular modeling methods, to identify patterns of controlled transformation of dietary fiber complexes, phospholipids and carotenoids using biotechnological and physico-chemical methods and, based on the identified patterns, to develop technologies for the production of beet pectin, modified phospholipids, lycopene and beta-carotene, as well as scientific research, aimed at identifying the mechanisms of microbiological, physiological, physico-chemical and biotechnological processes occurring in preparation for storage, storage and processing of vegetables (zucchini, eggplant, carrots and beets, tomatoes, leafy and cabbage vegetables), fruits (apples, grapes), for the development of resource-saving storage technologies based on the identified patterns. The results of scientific research have been published in 35 scientific articles, among them 11 articles in journals included in the core of the RSCI, in journals included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 9 articles, in journals indexed in the international information and analytical citation systems Scopus 3 articles, in materials and collections of scientific and practical conferences 12 articles. 1 methodological recommendations have been published. Comprehensive score of publication performance: plan 9.6, fact 14.4. According to the results of the scientific research carried out, 6 patents of the Russian Federation for inventions were obtained and 2 certificates for computer programs, as well as 6 applications for alleged inventions were submitted to the FIIP.
The article presents the main results of the research work of scientists of the DBESVVG branch of NCFSCHVW, carried out in accordance with the State Task for 2023 and the Research Plan for 2022-2026 on the basis of the PFSR of the state Academies of Sciences for 2021-2030. The research results reflect the main directions of the research station: genetic resources, breeding and variety studies of grapes, vegetable and subtropical fruit crops; development of a methodology for the creation and operation of intensive own-root plantations of grapes in the phylloxera infestation zone; obtaining environmentally safe products of grapes, vegetables and subtropical fruit crops. The main objectives of the research work are the creation of new genotypes of grapes, subtropical fruit and vegetable crops based on the mobilization of the potential of wild species, native and high-value introduced varieties with high productivity, product quality and resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors; improvement of the methodological base to accelerate the breeding process of grapes; identification of mechanisms for the realization of the genetic potential of indigenous and promising introduced grape varieties against the background of phylloxera infection, mechanisms for the formation of genetic and functional tolerance to the pest and scientific (biological) foundations for the creation of intensive own root plantations of grapes; identification of patterns of accumulation of dry matter and BAS in raw materials obtained from young broccoli plants and secondary products of grape and tomato processing depending on from varietal characteristics, stages of development, harvest period, processing methods; development of scientific and applied bases for obtaining environmentally safe raw materials for the production of functional food products and dietary supplements intended for the prevention of cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The research results expanded the base of genetic sources and methodological approaches for the creation of adaptive grape varieties in the changing climatic conditions of southern Russia, allowed to expand methodological approaches to the creation of root-related grape plantations and management of resistance to stressors, confirmed the fundamental possibility and effectiveness of hormonal management of the development of grape plants from the first year of life, as well as the quality of raw grapes, tomatoes and broccoli to create environmentally safe functional food products and dietary supplements, focused on the prevention of socially significant diseases.
Research is presented that contributes to an increase in the production of domestic grape and wine products, including in the system of organic farming. The object of research is grapes of native, classical and breeding varieties. The research was carried out on the basis of the Center for collective use of the Ampelographic collection Magarach, as well as in industrial plantations of the Crimea according to generally accepted and original methods. Characteristics of 50 varieties for the database, 4 sources of valuable traits were obtained, genotyping of wild grapes was performed, 99 allele variants were identified. Optimal concentrations of substances for the development of proembryogenic calluses and cells in suspension cultures were selected. The influence of biologically active substances on the development of heart shaped and torpedo shaped embryos has been established. The obtained 6 transgenic lines of the Podarok Magaracha variety were adapted to in vivo conditions to assess their cold resistance and frost resistance. In the vegetative collection of plants in vitro, samples are maintained under conditions of active and slow growth. An aseptic culture of 14 grape varieties was obtained. The molecular diagnosis of the latent form of phytopathogens of plant material after the recovery procedures was carried out. The biovar Agrobacterium tumefaciens was identified by the method of molecular diagnostics. During molecular diagnostics, the Rupestris stem pitting virus was detected in the samples. New knowledge has been gained about the dynamics of changes in the quality indicators of grapes depending on the variety and region of cultivation against the background of a complex of agro-climatic parameters and indices used to isolate terroirs. Varietal-rootstock combinations have been identified. The formation of datasets has continued in order to train neural networks for the detection of harmful organisms and pathologies of the development of grape plants. The technology of organic viticulture production for autochthonous varieties and varieties of the Magarach Institute breeding has been tested. The technology of storing table grapes based on the use of calcium-containing preparations has been optimized. For the first time, an information technology of cross-platform integration has been developed for the implemented hardware and software complex for photo-fixation and neural network detection of the number of pests in specialized traps.