Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
The features of the application of microfocus X-ray in viticulture to determine the degree of defeat of grapes seedlings wood of vascular necrosis.
The possibility of determination by the methods of high effective liquid and gas chromatography of fungicides residues in the ampelocenosis ecosystem is shown. Presented methods can determine with high sensitivity the fungicides and their metabolites that more toxic than original drug.
The modern trends of environmental paradigm of design culture of small garden landscape are considered in the article.
The results of research of the impact of varietal characteristics and weather conditions for the implementation of the potential productivity of sweet cherries plants are presented. Biological productivity potential of most sweet cherry varieties allows them to receive the high annual yields, which full realization is prevented by insufficient winter hardiness of plants, especially of fruit buds. In the southern zone of the industrial cultivation of sweet cherry in winter period the considerable damage of generative buds is observed at a temperature -24 to 25 C, the critical temperatures minimum for sweet cherry varieties 26,0 C. It is necessary to select the varieties of sweet cherries, capable to form a high resistance to temperature extremes of winter-spring period taking into consideration the climate features of the fruit zone of Krasnodar territory. It is the purpose of our conducted researches. As a result, the critical temperatures are set at different phases of fruit buds development are established. The degree of reduction of the elements of fruiting on the final stages of productivity formation is defined. The group of varieties that can fully realize the biological potential in fruit yield is allocated. The long-term assessment of winter hardiness of trees in the fruit plantings revealed the advantage of sweet cherry varieties of breeding of the North Caucasian Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture.
The use for grafting of rootstocks of "super-standard" category can serve as the promising technique of cultivation of fruit crops seedlings. The influence of SC-3, SC-4, SC-2, MM106 rootstocks on the development of annual apple seedlings of Renet Simirenko, Fuji, Liberty varieties is researched. The dependence of the quality of seedlings, grown by budding, from the thickness of the stock is revealed. It is established that increasing the thickness of rootstocks used for growing seedlings of all experimental varieties, is accompanied by growth characteristics such as height and trunk diameter of seedlings, number of branches and length of branches. Of these, the diameter of the trunk, the number and length of branches are the defining characteristics of seedlings capable to harvest in the first year after planting. The diameter of the stock has the biggest influence on a number of branches (46,0 %) and their length (46,2 %) the lesser influence it has on diameter of the trunk (37,6 %), the height of the trunk (29,5 %) and the height of the seedling (29,2 %). Based on these results, a parametric model of quality improvement of dwarf fruit seedlings on the rootstocks of "super-standard" category is elaborated. This model is the discriminant function.