Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
Western European varieties dominate in the vineyards of Southern Russia. It is also known that zone-oriented assortments are one of the most effective biological methods for managing the production process of grapes. Grape varieties and clones are the most adapted and more fully realize their potential under the agro-climatic conditions where they were created. For this reason, it is necessary to include local selection varieties in the domestic assortment. The article presents the results of three years research on agrobiological assessment and identification of the most promising new hybrid genotypes of NCFSCHVW breeding for the AnapaTaman viticulture zone of the Krasnodar Territory. Hybrid forms of grapes with uncolored berries were studied: Tana 19 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 72 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban), Tana 73 (Muscat Kuban × Vertesh Chilaga), Tana 74 (Seyve Villard 12-309 × Muscat Kuban ), Tana 82 (Madeleine Angevine × Villard Blanc), Tana 90 (Zala Dandy × Beisug), Tana 92 (Zala Dandy × Mtsvane), growing on the Anapa ampelographic collection. The classic Rhine Riesling grape variety was used as control. Agrobiological accountings were carried out according to the method of M.A. Lazarevsky. To assess the influence of the genotype of hybrid forms and the growing year conditions on the considered characteristics, a dispersion analysis was used. As a result of the study of grape hybrid forms, the genotypes with the most realized potential were identified under the conditions of Anapa-Taman viticulture zone. The forms of Tana 19 and Tana 92 differed in the highest productivity. The statistically significant influence of the genotype on the expression of this trait was shown. Lower than the control bushes Rhine Riesling, the yield was noted in the grape forms of Tana 74, Tana 72, Tana 90.
The purpose of this research is to identify the dynamics of yield capacity and sugar accumulation of technical red grape varieties of AZES breeding. This article reflects some results of long-term research work. Due to the existing lack of technical varieties in the modern grape assortment, it is very important to pay attention to the creation, cultivation and study of new technical grape varieties. These varieties should be distinguished by high product quality and sugar accumulation level, along with adaptability to biotic and abiotic stressors of the environment. These varieties are necessary for obtaining an original wine products. The study of the dynamics of yield and sugar accumulation among the zoned new technical red grape varieties allows us to identify the promising varieties for the production orchards of the Anapa-Taman zone. Phenological and agrobiological accounting was carried out by us according to traditional generally accepted methods. When harvesting, the bunches were weighed on the bushes of all studied varieties. The harvest period was determined using the organoleptic method and trial analyses. The mass concentration of sugars in berry juice was determined by a field refractometer, and the acidity in laboratory conditions by titration. As a result of the study of agrobiological and biochemical characteristics of red technical grape varieties with a medium-late maturation period, a number of features were revealed. The grape varieties of Dionysus and Pamyaty Zotkinoi are distinguished from the other studied varieties by high fruiting coefficients (1.3 for both) and fruitfulness (1.5 and 1.4 respectively). According to the average yield of berries from the bush the varieties of Pamyaty Zotkinoi (11 kg from the bush) and Gordy (K-II-17-1) (12 kg). The varieties of Dionysus, Mercuriy and Gordy (K-II-17-1) have the largest bunches. These varieties will be studied in the future on their economically valuable, breeding, agrobiological, phonological and technological characteristics in order to identify the dynamics of yield and sugar accumulation, as they are promising for the production viticulture.
The purpose of this research, to characterize the red technical grape variety of complex interspecific cross Maréchal Foch, French selection in the process of variety research and evaluation of agrobiological, uvological, economically valuable traits and properties. Variety`s studies were carried out in 2017-2019 at the experimental vineyard of the experimental field of All-Russian Research Institute named after Ya.I. Potapenko for Viticulture and Winemaking. The results of the wine assessment are given for two years of research 2018 and 2019. Vineyards are non-irrigated, non-covering, grafted, Kober 5BB rootstock, 3 x 0.5 m planting scheme, two-shouldered cordon forming. The Maréchal Foch grape variety, in terms of the combination of positive parameters (disease resistance, high winter hardiness, frost resistance, high sugar accumulation ability, quality of wine-material) is of great interest for industrial viticulture in a non-covering grafted culture with a minimal amount treatments for diseases. This variety can also recommend for use in further breeding as a origin of the required qualities. According to preliminary studies, the wines from this grape variety should not be kept for a long time, since they reach the optimal quality in the first year of life. One of the positive wine aspects is the rapid (during the year) formation of full bodied aromatic properties and taste characteristics (ripening and lightening). It reduces to a minimum the amount of gluing materials, and in most cases it is enough to limit oneself only to filtration, which allows us to achieve wine readiness for implementation in shorter periods. It is likely that the wines from Maréchal Foch grapes will be relevant and in demand as the red natural local standard wine of every day.
The purpose of this research is to study the edaphic conditions of one of the viticultural zones of the Rostov Region "Donetsk-Kundryuchenskiy sandy massiv" and substantiate the allocation of terroirs on it. Research on the differentiation of viticultural zones, the allocation of terroirs and the study of their environmental conditions create the basis for the entry of our country into the already existing developed European system for the formation of wine names by place of origin and the reflection of their quality in the name of wines. The research was carried out using the key plot method. As a key plot selected vineyards Nizhnekundryuchenskiy Department of All-Russia Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Ya. I. Potapenko. Sandy lands have a significant variety and a plenty of original properties, both positive and negative. The grape plant, due to its high plasticity, grows well on sandy lands, and in an own-root culture. Experience of viticulture on the sands shows that it is successful only when taking into account the characteristics of sandy land. The article presents the results of a study of the geological, hydrogeological and soil conditions of the first terrace of the Seversky Donets, where the vineyards are located. About one and a half hundred elementary soil areas were examined. All their diversity was reduced to five types of soil conditions. The main criterion f or grouping was the reaction of grape plants. Strong differences in conditions on different plots are the basis for assigning them to different terroirs. In viticulture, the concept of terroirs closely resonates the concept of precision farming. The differences in growing conditions require adjustment of elements of grape growing technology at all stages of the production process. Four selected terroirs on the autochthonous variety Sibirkovy have experience in studying the influence of growing conditions on the quality of wine. The article also shows the methodological approaches and experience in zoning of viticultural lands abroad and in other regions of Russia.
Based on exhaustive research, it is proposed the methods for efficient stability control of ampelocenosis under the conditions of anthropogenic intensification of production, and weather anomalies. The studies were performed under the agroecological conditions of acute shortage of rainfall, and high solar insolation and air temperature of moderately continental climate of the South of Russia in the industrial plantations with the most wide-spread grape varieties using the modern field and laboratory methods. For sustainable viticulture in the Krasnodar Region 5 agro- ecological zones and 47 sub-areas are allocated using digital soil maps, maps of isotherms and isohyets. Each subzone is characterized by the uniformity of the site soil, temperature and rainfall and is the basis for the formation of the terroir and quality winemaking as well as for optimization of zonally oriented assortment and technologies. It is proposed the optimized scheme and the planting density of vines, their load by shoots using as a model the Rhine Riesling variety; regime of plant top dressing with minerals in combination with biologically active components, including saline soils. The biological and technology of reversibility of degradation changes in the ampelocenoses soil based on the energy biomaterial is grounded. The methods of stability control of own-rooted vineyards to the quarantine vermin phylloxera root using the physiologically active substances. The positive influence of the proposed methods for the efficient use of renewable natural resources (light, heat, water, food) in the vine production process is revealed. The increase in the level of implementation capacities of economic productivity and improving the quality of grapes and vine production is noted. The applying of the proposed methods i ncreased in production, agro-ecological and edaphic stability of ampelocenoses.