Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
The article is devoted to the development of QMS process guidance "Corrective and preventive actions" for the LLC SIE "Mikrovinodelie", which is one from important governing processes of the quality management system. The actuality of the development connects with the need of accelerate development of small-sized high-tech enterprises for processing of agricultural production on the basis of creating for them of a favorable competitive environment. The process of prevention and correction of actions for the release of products conforming to the requirements of national and international standards is the basis of eliminating and preventing of actual or potential inconsistencies in products, processes and documentation and provides the confidence of enterprise in its efficiency and competitiveness. The methodological basis of the research is the principle of process approach to development of quality management system. The process algorithm of "The corrective and preventive actions" is developed and it is based on the prevention of inconsistencies in the quality of wine production and removing of their causes. The order of fulfillment of operations is described, the input and output requirements to the process with links to regulatory documents governing there execution are advanced, the criterions for assessment of quality of the execution of this process and the matrix of distribution of responsibility are elaborated.
The purpose of the work is to establish the influence of packing materials on the chemical composition, organoleptic indices and stability of alcohol beverages. The glass bottles, intended for bottling of alcohol beverages, vodka and the wines, that were being stored in the glass bottles, the wines, that were being stored in the "packet in the box" and in the container from the combined materials were the subjects of study. The estimation of the bottle's quality were carried out by use of methods of GOST 2131-2013. The concentration of volatile impurities in the beverages was determined by the method of gas-liquid chromatography (rystal 2000M) and chromatomass-spectrometry (mass spectrometer of larus 600T, the USA). The experimental data about the influence of the packing quality on change in color, taste and aroma of alcohol beverages in the process of their storage are adduced. It is shown that the leaching of glass leads to the disturbance of the exterior view of production, its taste and aroma, and formation of dimness. The application of the combined packing metallized materials does not influence on safety of beverages, but it contributes to reduction of their quality and to formation of untypical aromatic compounds. In the aroma and taste of experimental wines the hydrogen sulfide tone, the bitterness and also the unpleasant tones of animal musk are identified. The substances whose presence in the wine lead to the formation of the strongly expressed outside tones are discovered (2-Meth.tetrahyd.thiophen-3-one, 3-(Methylthio)-propyl acetate, 3-(Methylthio)-1-propanol, 4-Oxopentanethioic acid). The substances of 2-Methoxyfuran, 2-Amylfuran, Furfuryl of methyl of ether, 2-Acetylfuran, 2-Acetyl-5-methylfuran, 2-Furanmethanol, 3,4-Dimethylfuran-2,5-dione, 3-Methyl-2,5-furandione, 5 (Ethoxymethyl) - 2-furaldehyde, 2,5-Furandicarbaldehyde, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, which are formed as a result of hot bottling and wine contact with container are revealed. The components (Tetramethylthiourea) of the packing material, which passed into wine from the market container in the process of storage are identified for the first time.
The work's purpose is scientifically to found a method of control of grapes quality on indicators of hygienic safety, based on ecological systems and toxicological normalization and optimization of vineyards from harmful objects. The research were conducted in the viticulture zones of the South of Kuban (Anapa-Taman) in the industrial plantings of the specialized farms. Objects of research is production of grapes plantings of table and technical varieties. The soil samples and samples of the ripened grapes were selected during the spring and autumn period on the vineyards processed by pesticides. A problem of conducted research is to analyse and establish the main indicators forming the food safety of production. The results of complex ecological and toxicological research in viticulture under condition's of long-term technogenic impact on agric plots are presented. The ability to bioaccumulation of soil pesticides, the increase of their concentration in the food (trophic) chains and need of improvement of production for receiving ecologically safe products of grapes and wine is noted. Definition of the toxic remains was carried out by the standard techniques with use of chromatographs gas "Colour 500M", liquid "KNAUER" and the nuclear absorbing spectrophotometer "Quantum AFA". It is established that for the period 2009-2013 at pesticidal load on grapes plantings (5,7 kg/hectare of fungicides; 5,3 kg/hectare of insecticides) the chemical's remains, exceeding the admissible norms, were found in the soil to 2,7 maximum concentration limits and in the grapes is to 3,0. In total it was found to 24 names of pesticides, including 10 toxic metabolites not less dangerous, than a preparation itself. By results of research the method of control of grapes quality in the biosystems of ampelocenosis using the indicators of hygienic safety is developed and scientifically reasonable. The main estimated characteristics of an after-effect of applied pesticides are defind and justified: the indicators of residual quantities of soil and season toxicants depending on agric and technical methods of grapes cultivation and their influence on food safety of production.
The purpose of research is to develop the new types of products of blackberry and a sea-buckthorn processing of the general and special direction. In the studying there were the fruits of sea-buckthorn and blackberry varieties which have been grown up under the conditions of Krasnodar Region. The analysis of fruits chemical composition showed that each variety of culture have the specific features in accumulation of dry substances, sugars and vitamins. It is established in the experiment that a sea-buckthorn fruits have a rich collection of vitamins: the content of ascorbic acid is 47,5-186,6 mg/100g; β-carotene 4,6 mg/100g. In a sea-buckthorn fruits 6,8-8,7 mg/100g of vitamin E and 0,3-0,58 mg/100g of PP vitamin are revealed. It is defined that berries of blackberry yield to sea-buckthorn in qualitative composition and in amount of vitamins, but, as comparison with many fruit crops, the blackberry contains the higher amount of vitamin C. It is shown that the fruits of sea-buckthorn and blackberry can be considered as an important type of raw materials for creation of canning production of functional purpose thanks to availability of carbohydrates, vitamins, natural antioxidants, pectin. We developed a new type of canning production of functional purpose as "A sea-buckthorn in syrup" and "Blackberry in syrup". On the basis of complex research the chemical composition is established and the organoleptic assessment of ready products is given. The best combination of raw materials and the type of fruit syrup for the production of canned food, providing the maximum safety of biologically active agents is established in the experimental work. The studied varieties of sea-buckthorn and blackberry, as a result, have entered into group of cultures for creation of new types of canning production with high biochemical parameters.
In the article the characteristics of industrial horticulture of Russian Federation is gives. The analysis of the volume of consumption of fruits and berries products and ensuring of consumer demand due to different sources are conducted. The necessity and methods of import substitution of fruits and berries products are justified. Emerging trends of own resources deficit of agricultural commodity producers for the renovation of agricultural plantings are identified, and it is a deterrent to the development and updates the need to increase in public support and differentiation of forms of state regulation. The deficit of financial resources for the implementation of program assignments based on import substitution is identified. The necessity of development of domestic nursery, including for import substitution is justified. The directions to reduce the deficit of resources, reduce the initial costs for creating of agricenosis, through the use of alternative trellis free technologies of industrial are proposed apple-tree cultivation, they provide a differentiated use of wide spectrum of domestic stocks, which offer the several advantages relatively to the most common types of rootstocks-introductions. The comparative economic characteristics of trellis free technologies of industrial apple-tree cultivation in comparison with the previous analogs is gives. The expediency of application of biosystems of plantings protection as direction of resource capacity reducing of process in the industrial horticulture and ensuring of agrical ecosystems is justified. It is established, that the additional annual volume of financial resources for the implementation of program tasks of branch development based on import substitution (increase of planting to 16 thousands of hectares annually) will be an average 8.1 billions rubles, which is 1,9 times less than the costs of imports of fruit products and planting materials. The effects from the development of industrial horticulture with the need to import substitution are calculative justified: the increase of value added is annually by 4,3 billions rubles, the value of tax revenue per year to 256 million rubles average, the creating more than 2000 of new workplaces.