Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
For the first time in the conditions of Southern Dagestan the systems estimate of ampeloecological resources by research of a crop and quality of finished production of the grape plants located in different growing conditions is given.
For the first time in Dagestan, the use of statistical modeling for the integrated treatment depending on the productivity of the vine on the climatic conditions of growth has allowed to quantify the degree of dependence of yield and sugar content as a key indicator of productivity on meteorological conditions of the year.
New systems of formation and conducting grape plantings are developed for a zone covered and conditionally covered cultures, consisting that serial conducting bushes among bushes not covered for the winter with highstem a cordon and covered horizontal twisted cordons with twisted inclined stems or on type long-armed unilateral forms on the bottom demountable wire of the lane, providing is provided, annual reception of high crops of grapes at the expense of covered bushes is not dependent on damages of not covered bushes in negative temperatures.
Obtaining environmental grapes and wine has raised the problem of protecting plants from diseases, pests and weeds with the emphasis on methods of breeding, agricultural and biological methods, without the complete elimination of chemical methods. In this respect, is necessary to use an integrated system of plant protection, the prohibition of the use of phytochemicals or synthesized drugs, and treatment should be warned. The results of researches of residues of harmful substances in the leaves and wine in biodefense of grape plantings are presented in this article.
Results on 5 technological methods to extract phenolic compounds and other components from grape berries Fetyaska black: fermentation in the pulp, pre-selection of the wort and fermenting flown down pulp; thermal maceration and the use of exogenous enzyme preparations are presented. Among the studied methods thermal maceration and fermentation flown down pulp are the most effective.