Fruit growing
and viticulture of South Russia
The article presents research materials on grape must and dry wines from hybrid forms of grapes of the AZESV&W breeding 62-21, 62-20 and 62-24 (F/U Dzhemete x Cabernet Sauvignon). These hybrids are studied in a hybrid plot to identify a set of economically valuable and adaptively significant traits and properties that exceed the standard varieties. All hybrid forms are of technical direction, medium maturity. Productivity is high, they are tolerant to phylloxera. Grape must and wine from the Cabernet Sauvignon variety were used as controls. The bush management system is a vertical trellis. Formation standard, cordon type "Spiral cordon AZOS-1". The feeding area is 3.5 x 2.0 m. The relief of the plot is gentle, the slope is south-western. As a result of the technochemical analysis of the grape must from the studied hybrids, it was revealed that by the time of harvesting they had accumulated more sugars than the control variety. The titrated acidity of the grape must of the hybrid form 62-20 and control (Cabernet Sauvignon) was significantly higher than in other variants of the experiment. Based on the gluco-acidometric index, the grape must of hybrids 62-21 and 62-24 was the most optimal for obtaining high-quality red wines. All hybrid forms contained more phenolic substances in berries than Cabernet Sauvignon (control). Wine materials from the studied hybrids have a high alcohol content and a reserve of extractive and phenolic substances, which exceeds the control in these parameters. In terms of the total amount of biologically active substances, wine materials from the studied elite hybrid forms are superior to the control sample. As a result of the tasting analysis of wine materials from the studied hybrids, it was revealed that they are not inferior to the control Cabernet Sauvignon, and the forms 62-21 and 62-24 are rated higher than it.
The article presents the results of the research work of scientists of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution NCFSCHVW obtained in 2021. Research is focused on solving problems of developing the fundamental foundations of agricultural biotechnology, including molecular biological methods of molecular breeding, methods of managing the breeding process to create new plant genotypes; development of technologies for the cultivation of agricultural crops in order to design highly productive agrophytocenoses and agroecosystems of perennial crops, etc. The article analyzes the effectiveness of scientific and technical activities according to the criteria of research, publishing, publication and inventive activity, innovative, educational, financial and economic actions of a scientific institution. As a result of the implementa-tion of R&D, 111 completed developments of fundamental importance were obtained, which form the methodological and methodical basis for the creation of STP of the priority-applied level. Fundamentally new developments in applied research in the fields of knowledge relevant to the scientific institution were 70 developments that improve the quantitative and qualitative indicators of biocenotic and production processes in fruit and grape plantations, technological processes during storage and processing of agricultural products. The gene pool has been preserved 7258 samples of fruit, berry, nut crops and grapes, replenished with 102 variety samples; clones were selected and 5 donors and 37 sources were allocated to create new varieties that combine high potential productivity, winter hardiness, drought resistance, resistance to the most harmful diseases and pests. One of the most important results of the research was 4 varieties of fruit crops: (apple Carmenta, cherry Yuzhanka, grape Pinot Meunier, rose Yubileynaya). The State Register of Breeding Achievements approved for use for 2021 in the North Caucasus (6) region includes varieties: apple Renet Platona, Yunona, cherry Aleksa, quince Kubanochka, grape Dmitriy. Output products in the form of objects of intellectual property for 104 completed developments are registered in the EGISU electronic accounting database. Normative documentation was developed in the form of organization standards, technological instructions and specifications for 43 completed developments.
In 2021, the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking, a branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking, conducted scientific research in accordance with state task No. 075-0471-21-00.01, the main purpose of which was: preservation and replenishment of the gene pool of grapes; breeding of new varieties; research in areas of study of grape-suitable soils; research on the development of methods for the production of red table wines depending on the quality of the grapes and the properties of the terroir. The research was carried out in agroecological conditions of the Black Sea zone of the South of Russia according to generally accepted and adapted methods. The gene pool of the Anapa ampelographic collection has been replenished with 10 varieties: Diana, Moscowskiy rozovyi, Yezendari chernyi, Zhavoronok, Upiter, Tavkveri Magaracha, Bukovinka belaya, Ventura, Vernakhi, Cabernet Myshako. In 2021, work continued on the reconstruction of the ampelocollec-tion, so 508 varieties were planted on the new site. 4300 seeds were obtained and 5 sources of valuable traits were identified to create new varieties, clones and hybrids of grapes, as a result of interspecific hybridization. As a result of research in the field of grape-suitable soils, a Database of grape-suitable soils of the Taman Peninsula of the Krasnodar region was formed and a Technological instruction for the selection and evaluation of soils for grape culture was developed. During the development adaptive tools for managing the phytosanitary resistance of the agrocenosis of the grape nursery garden, it was revealed that the treatment of grape grafting at the production stage with preparations based on microorganisms (Trichoderma viride and Rhizobium radiobacter) contributes to the least spread and development of a complex of patho-gens. In the field of grape processing, an algorithm for the production of high-quality red table wines has been built, depending on the varietal characteristics of grapes and terroir, and the technology for the production of red table wines of predictable quality has been improved. The state task was completed in full, t he publication activity score was 9.57.
The main results of scientific research of the Krasnodar Research Institute of Storage and Processing of Agricultural Products branch of the North Caucasian Federal Research Center of Horticulture, Wine-Making, Winemaking, obtained in 2021 by scientists of the Institute in the performance of the state task in 5 scientific areas within the framework of the implementation of 2 complex topics, as well as data reflecting publication effectiveness and patent-licensing activity are presented. The research work was carried out in accordance with the PFSR in the Russian Federation for the long-term period (2021-2030) in the direction of: 4.4.1 Storage and processing of agricultural products. Ensuring the priorities of the Program of Fundamental Scientific Research in the Russian Federation for the long-term period (2021-2030) provides for the need for scientific research, the purpose of which is to identify patterns of controlled transformation of plant raw materials by a complex of chemical and biotechnological methods in order to develop technological processes of its deep processing and obtaining food systems the specified consumer and functional properties, as well as scientific research, aimed at developing algorithms and tools for managing the processes of increasing the storage capacity of root and cabbage vegetables, strawberries and grapes during storage, caused by technological factors and product features. The results of scientific research have been published in journals 68 scientific articles, among them in journals included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission under the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation 33 articles, of which in journals included in the core of the RSCI 15 articles, in journals indexed in the international information and analytical citation system Scopus 9 articles. 25 articles have been published in the materials and collections of International Scientific and Practical Con-ferences. As a result of the conducted sci-entific research, 3 patents for inventions, 1 patent for a utility model and 5 certificates of registration of computer programs were obtained, as well as 6 applications for alleged inventions were submitted to the FIIP.
The article summarizes the results of the research work of scientists from Dagestan Breeding Experimental Station of Viticulture and Vegetable Growing, a branch of the North Caucasian Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Viticulture, and Wine-making, carried out in accordance with the State task for 2021 and the Research Plan for 2019-2021 based on the FSR Program of State Academies of Sciences for 2013-2020. The results reflect the main directions of the research work of the station: genetic resources, breeding and variety study, protection of plants from stress factors, obtaining environmentally safe products of grapes, vegetables and subtropical fruit crops. The main objectives of the research work are the creation of new genotypes of grapes, based on the mobilization of the potential of wild species, native and highly valuable introduced varieties with high productivity, product quality and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses; improvement of the methodologi-cal base to accelerate the breeding process of grapes; disclosure of the fundamental mechanisms for the formation of genetic and functional resistance to diseases and pests of grapes, which will create the basis for the targeted creation of new varieties with desired characteristics; scientific and applied bases for obtaining environmentally safe raw materials for the production of functional food products in order to prevent socially significant diseases. The research results obtained in 2021 expanded the base of genetic sources and methodological approaches for creating adaptive grape varieties in the changing climatic conditions of southern Russia, made it possible to expand methodological approaches to managing grape resistance to root phylloxera, the quality of table grapes and own-rooted planting material using physiologically active compounds; con-firmed the fundamental possibility of hormonal control of plant development and the quality of grape, tomato and broccoli raw materials to create environmentally safe functional food products focused on the prevention of socially significant diseases.